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26 Haziran \u0130\u015fkenceye Kar\u015f\u0131 M\u00fccadele ve \u0130\u015fkence G\u00f6renlerle Dayan\u0131\u015fma G\u00fcn\u00fc dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u0130zmir Barosu, \u0130zmir Tabip Odas\u0131, \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Derne\u011fi \u0130zmir \u015eubesi, T\u00fcrkiye \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Vakf\u0131 \u0130zmir Temsilcili\u011fi, \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Hukuk\u00e7ular Derne\u011fi, \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u0130\u00e7in Hukuk\u00e7ular Derne\u011fi, Sa\u011fl\u0131k ve Sosyal Hizmet Emek\u00e7ileri Sendikas\u0131 \u0130zmir \u015eubesi, \u0130mece Dostluk ve Dayan\u0131\u015fma Derne\u011fi, Hak \u0130nisiyatifi Derne\u011fi, \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 G\u00fcndemi Derne\u011fi, Halklararas\u0131 Dayan\u0131\u015fma K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc Derne\u011fi\u2019nin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla \u0130zmir- T\u00fcrkan Saylan K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi \u00f6n\u00fcnde ortak bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 d\u00fczenlendi.<\/p>\n
\u201c26 Haziran \u0130\u015fkenceye Kar\u015f\u0131 M\u00fccadele ve \u0130\u015fkence G\u00f6renlerle Dayan\u0131\u015fma G\u00fcn\u00fc<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcn 26 Haziran, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM) taraf\u0131ndan ilan edilmi\u015f olan \u0130\u015fkence G\u00f6renlerle Dayan\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcn\u00fc\u2026<\/p>\n
BM, uzun y\u0131llar s\u00fcren haz\u0131rl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve tart\u0131\u015fmalar sonucunda 1984 y\u0131l\u0131nda, k\u0131saca \u201c\u0130\u015fkenceye Kar\u015f\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u201c olarak ifade edilen, \u201c\u0130\u015fkence ve Di\u011fer Zalimane, \u0130nsanl\u0131k D\u0131\u015f\u0131 ya da Onur K\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 Muamele ya da Cezaya Kar\u015f\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u201dyi kabul etmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6zle\u015fme, yeterli say\u0131da devlet taraf\u0131ndan imzaland\u0131ktan sonra 26 Haziran 1987 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir. Bu tarihten on y\u0131l sonra, 1997\u2019de ise BM Genel Kurulu, S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin insanl\u0131k ailesi ve uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nem nedeniyle, kabul edili\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc olan 26 Haziran\u2019\u0131 \u201c\u0130\u015fkence G\u00f6renlerle Dayan\u0131\u015fma G\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d olarak ilan etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
S\u00f6zle\u015fme, i\u015fkenceyi mutlak olarak yasaklar. \u0130nsanl\u0131k ailesinin ortak kazan\u0131m\u0131 olan ve modern insan haklar\u0131 hukukunun en temel kurallar\u0131ndan birini olu\u015fturan bu yasak, normlar hiyerar\u015fisi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00fcst\u00fcn bir kural, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle buyruk kural niteli\u011findedir.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015fkence yasa\u011f\u0131 hi\u00e7bir ko\u015fulda istisnaya tabi tutulamaz, i\u015fkence yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n esnetilmesi i\u00e7in herhangi bir \u00e7ekince ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclemez. Yetkili makamlarda bulunanlar bu konuda hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde emir ve talimat veremez. Nitekim, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de alt\u0131na imza att\u0131\u011f\u0131 BM \u0130\u015fkenceye Kar\u015f\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin 2. maddesinin 2. paragraf\u0131nda da aynen \u015f\u00f6yle denilmektedir: \u201cHi\u00e7 bir istisnai durum, ne harp h\u00e2li ne de bir harp tehdidi, d\u00e2hili siyas\u00ee istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k veya herhangi ba\u015fka bir ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2l, i\u015fkencenin uygulanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6sterilemez\u201d. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle neyle su\u00e7lan\u0131rsa su\u00e7lans\u0131n hi\u00e7 kimse i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele uygulamalar\u0131na maruz b\u0131rak\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n
Buna kar\u015f\u0131n maalesef i\u015fkence, h\u00e2len d\u00fcnyan\u0131n pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkesinde devletler taraf\u0131ndan toplumlara kar\u015f\u0131 insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir cezaland\u0131rma ve y\u0131ld\u0131rma arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Son y\u0131llarda sadece otoriter rejimler ve diktat\u00f6rl\u00fcklerde de\u011fil, geli\u015fkin demokrasilerde bile i\u015fkence uygulamalar\u0131nda bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6zlemlenmektedir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye \u201c\u0130\u015fkenceye Kar\u015f\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u201dyi 1988 y\u0131l\u0131nda kabul etmi\u015f, Anayasa ve Ceza Kanunu\u2019nda i\u015fkenceyi yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen son y\u0131llarda, 2015 Temmuz\u2019unda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n yeniden ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan sonra, bilhassa da OHAL s\u00fcrecinde artan bi\u00e7imde ve OHAL\u2019in kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda iktidar\u0131n kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc ve bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak, deh\u015fet ve korku yaymak amac\u0131 ile cezaevlerinde, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc toplumsal g\u00f6sterilere m\u00fcdahale s\u0131ras\u0131nda ya da g\u00fcndelik olaylarda, resmi ya da resmi olmayan g\u00f6zalt\u0131 ortamlar\u0131nda i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele uygulamalar\u0131 ve iddialar\u0131 \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemlerle k\u0131yaslanmayacak boyutlara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sadece i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz aylarda yo\u011funla\u015fan i\u015fkence iddialar\u0131 dahi durumun vahametini g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in yeterlidir: <\/p>\n
18 May\u0131s 2019 tarihinde Urfa\u2019n\u0131n Halfeti il\u00e7esine ba\u011fl\u0131 Dergili mahallesinde g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nan 51 ki\u015finin maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilen ters kelep\u00e7e, g\u00f6z ba\u011f\u0131, ba\u015fa \u00e7uval ge\u00e7irme, elektrik verme, kaba dayak, falaka, cinsel i\u015fkence, hakaret, kendisine ve yak\u0131nlar\u0131na (\u00f6zellikle k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na ve e\u015flere) y\u00f6nelik tehdit gibi uygulamalar mutlak i\u015fkence yasa\u011f\u0131 ihlallerinin hangi boyutlara ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n somut bir \u00f6rne\u011fini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.
\nKeza 2019 May\u0131s ay\u0131 sonunda kamuoyuna yans\u0131yan Ankara Barosu Avukat Haklar\u0131 Merkezi, Cezaevi Kurulu ve \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Merkezi taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan, Ankara \u0130l Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Mali Su\u00e7lar Soru\u015fturma B\u00fcrosu\u2019ndaki i\u015fkence iddialar\u0131na yer veren rapor kayg\u0131lar\u0131 daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmektedir.
\nDaha da \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fc olan\u0131, asl\u0131nda uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n bir karadeli\u011fi ve yak\u0131n tarihimizin bir utanc\u0131 olan zorla ka\u00e7\u0131rma\/kaybetme vakalar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden ya\u015fanmaya ba\u015flanmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Derne\u011fi (\u0130HD) Dok\u00fcmantasyon Birimi\u2019nin tespit edebildi\u011fi kadar\u0131yla 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda en az 28 ki\u015fi zorla ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ya da ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lma giri\u015fimine maruz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015fkenceye de maruz kalan bu ki\u015filer bir s\u00fcre sonra serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hak \u0130nisiyatifi Derne\u011fi\u2019nin 20.06.2019 tarihli \u201c2016 Y\u0131l\u0131 Sonras\u0131 Kamu G\u00f6revlileri Taraf\u0131ndan Yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 Al\u0131konulma \u0130ddialar\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin \u0130nceleme ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Raporu\u201d na g\u00f6re 2016 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana toplamda 28 ki\u015finin kendisini kamu g\u00f6revlisi olarak tan\u0131tan ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir \u015fekilde al\u0131konuldu\u011fu iddia edilmektedir. 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda ula\u015f\u0131labilen bilgilere g\u00f6re G\u00f6khan T\u00fcrkmen (137 g\u00fcnd\u00fcr), \u00d6zg\u00fcr Kaya (132 g\u00fcnd\u00fcr), Yasin Ugan (132 g\u00fcnd\u00fcr), Erkan Irmak (128 g\u00fcnd\u00fcr), Salim Zeybek (124 g\u00fcnd\u00fcr) ve Mustafa Y\u0131lmaz (126 g\u00fcnd\u00fcr) adl\u0131 ki\u015filerin yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir \u015fekilde al\u0131konuldu\u011fu ve kendilerinden hi\u00e7bir haber al\u0131namad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir. Bu denli ciddi iddialara kar\u015f\u0131n bilinen hi\u00e7bir etkili soru\u015fturma s\u00fcreci s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir.
\nBu t\u00fcr zorla ka\u00e7\u0131rma\/kaybetme ve sonras\u0131nda g\u00f6zalt\u0131 merkezinde uygulanan i\u015fkence uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Ayten \u00d6zt\u00fcrk adl\u0131 ki\u015finin mahkeme kay\u0131tlar\u0131na ge\u00e7en ifadelerinden somut olarak \u00f6\u011frenebiliyoruz. Ayten \u00d6zt\u00fcrk, 8 Mart 2018 tarihinde L\u00fcbnan\u2019da g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131narak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye iade edildikten sonra resmi bir g\u00f6zalt\u0131 i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n 6 ay boyunca tutuldu\u011fu bir merkezde a\u011f\u0131r i\u015fkence uygulamalar\u0131na maruz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu olay\u0131n nisyan ile malul toplumsal haf\u0131zam\u0131z\u0131n derinliklerinde kalan benzer bir g\u00f6zalt\u0131nda zorla kaybetme uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor olmas\u0131 t\u00fcylerimizi diken diken etmektedir. 1992 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tunceli\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fyerinden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada beyaz bir Toros araca bindirilerek ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lan ve daha sonra Elaz\u0131\u011f\u2019da i\u015fkence edilmi\u015f cesedi bulunan Ayten \u00d6zt\u00fcrk ile aradan 26 y\u0131l ge\u00e7tikten sonra L\u00fcbnan\u2019dan ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lan ve i\u015fkence edilen Ayten \u00d6zt\u00fcrk vakalar\u0131 devlet akl\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fmez bir s\u00fcreklili\u011fe sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan endi\u015fe vericidir.
\nVeriler mutlak yasa\u011fa ve insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 bir su\u00e7 olma vasf\u0131na ra\u011fmen i\u015fkencenin h\u00e2l\u00e2 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en ba\u015fat insan haklar\u0131 sorunu oldu\u011funu ortaya koymaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n
2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u0130HV\u2019e \u00fclke i\u00e7inden i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in tedavi ve rehabilitasyon deste\u011fi almak \u00fczere 505 ki\u015fi ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur. 2019 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sadece ilk be\u015f ay\u0131nda ise ba\u015fvuran ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131 356 olmu\u015ftur.
\n2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele uygulamalar\u0131na maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle \u0130HD\u2019ye ba\u015fvuru yapan ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131 ise 2719\u2019dur.
\nT\u0130HV Dok\u00fcmantasyon Merkezi verilerine g\u00f6re 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda en az 5 ki\u015fi g\u00f6zalt\u0131 merkezlerinde \u015f\u00fcpheli bir \u015fekilde ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015ftir.
\n\u0130HD verilerine g\u00f6re 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda cezaevlerinde en az 23 mahpus \u015f\u00fcpheli bir \u015fekilde ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015ftir. 1149 mahpus da i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair \u015fik\u00e2yet ba\u015fvurusu yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nBu arada cezaevlerinde 2000 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana uygulanmakta olan ve tutuklu ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fclerin fiziksel ve psikolojik b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fcklerinin ciddi \u015fekilde zarar g\u00f6rmesine neden olan tek ki\u015fi ya da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck grup izolasyonu\/tecrit uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n son y\u0131llarda daha da a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek gerekir.<\/p>\n
Keza cezaevlerinde a\u011f\u0131r hasta tutuklu ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fclerin durumu ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir i\u015fkence uygulamas\u0131 haline gelmi\u015ftir. \u0130HD verilerine g\u00f6re 12 Nisan 2019 tarihi itibari ile cezaevlerinde toplam 456 a\u011f\u0131r hasta mahpus bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Askeri ceza ve disiplin evleri de yo\u011fun i\u015fkence ve k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele iddialar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n h\u00e2l\u00e2 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc denetimden uzakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
M\u00fclteci ve s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lardan idari g\u00f6zetim karar\u0131 verilenlerin tutuldu\u011fu \u201cGeri G\u00f6nderme Merkezleri\u201d de ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde i\u015fkence ve k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele iddialar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n denetimden uzakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Verilere bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u015fkence uygulamalar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan iki olgu \u00f6zellikle dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir. Resmi olmayan g\u00f6zalt\u0131 yerlerinde (ara\u00e7 i\u00e7inde, evde, i\u015fyerinde, a\u00e7\u0131k alanda vb.) ve toplanma ve g\u00f6steri yapma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanan ki\u015filere y\u00f6nelik kolluk m\u00fcdahaleleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele uygulamalar\u0131nda yine son y\u0131llarda ciddi bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Nitekim 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130HD\u2019ye ba\u015fvuranlardan 2598\u2019si (% 95), T\u0130HV\u2019e ba\u015fvuranlardan 221\u2019i (% 43,2) a\u00e7\u0131k alanda ve kolluk g\u00fc\u00e7lerince m\u00fcdahale edilen toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steriler s\u0131ras\u0131nda i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyada da kayg\u0131 verici bir trend haline gelen bu durum, uluslararas\u0131 belgelerde de a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a i\u015fkence olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. 20 Temmuz 2017 tarihinde BM \u0130\u015fkence \u00d6zel Raport\u00f6r\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan \u201cG\u00f6zalt\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yerlerdeki zor kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer zalimane, insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 muamele veya cezaland\u0131rma yasa\u011f\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6zel raporunun 47. paragraf\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle denilmektedir: \u201cResmi olarak deklarasyonlarda yer alan \u2018i\u015fkence\u2019 tan\u0131m\u0131na uygunluk i\u00e7in gerekli olan ek ko\u015fullar mevcut olmasa bile, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullanmak isteyen ki\u015filer dahil belirli bir ama\u00e7 do\u011frultusunda ka\u00e7ma imk\u00e2n\u0131 olmayan, \u2018\u00e7aresiz\u2019 bir ki\u015fiye y\u00f6nelik ac\u0131 veya \u0131st\u0131rap yaratma ama\u00e7l\u0131 kasti zor kullan\u0131m\u0131, her zaman a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f zalimane, insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 muamele veya cezaland\u0131rma (i\u015fkence) olarak kabul edilecektir.\u201d<\/p>\n
B\u00fct\u00fcn bu i\u00e7 karart\u0131c\u0131 veri ve tespitlere kar\u015f\u0131n \u0130\u015fkenceyi Durdurmak M\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr!<\/p>\n
Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce s\u0131radan bir kural haline getirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan cezas\u0131zl\u0131k politikalar\u0131na son verilmelidir:
\n\u0130\u015fkencenin \u00fclkemizde bu boyutta olmas\u0131n\u0131n en temel nedeni i\u015fkence yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n mutlak niteli\u011fi ile ba\u011fda\u015fmayan \u00e7ok ciddi bir cezas\u0131zl\u0131k k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesinde ve yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131nda birincil etken ise cezas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir devlet politikas\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u0131llard\u0131r her d\u00fczeyden devlet ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet yetkilisi, kolluk g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin \u015fiddetini koruyan hatta te\u015fvik eden ve i\u015fkenceyi me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131ran s\u00f6ylem ve davran\u0131\u015flar i\u00e7inde olmu\u015ftur. \u00d6zellikle son d\u00f6nemde mevcut siyasi iktidar, i\u015fkenceyi \u201cter\u00f6rizm ile m\u00fccadele\u201d, \u201cola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hal\u201d, \u201cmilli g\u00fcvenlik\u201d ve \u201ckamu d\u00fczeni\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rma e\u011filimindedir.<\/p>\n
Siyasi otoritenin yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 b\u00f6yle olunca, haliyle i\u015fkence yapan kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin ve i\u015fkence iddialar\u0131n\u0131n resen soru\u015fturulmamas\u0131, yap\u0131lan soru\u015fturmalar\u0131n etkin ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmamas\u0131, i\u015fkence yapan kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in izin sistemine ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131, ceza ertelemeleri, savc\u0131 ve yarg\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n subjektif ve tarafs\u0131zl\u0131ktan uzak zihniyet yap\u0131lar\u0131 gibi cezas\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7an nedenlerin hi\u00e7biri konu\u015fulamaz, tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lamaz hale gelmektedir.<\/p>\n
Yan\u0131 s\u0131ra son d\u00f6nemde adeta cezas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cg\u00fcvence\u201d alt\u0131na almaya y\u00f6nelik yasal d\u00fczenlemeler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 14 Temmuz 2016 tarihinde \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 6722 say\u0131l\u0131 kanuna g\u00f6re operasyonlara kat\u0131lan askeri personelin i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele iddialar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 \u00f6zel izin prosed\u00fcr\u00fcne tabi k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, geriye d\u00f6n\u00fck olarak cezas\u0131zl\u0131k z\u0131rh\u0131 tesis edilmi\u015ftir. Keza OHAL Kararnamesi ile OHAL ile ilgili i\u015flerde karar veren ve g\u00f6rev alan ki\u015filerin bu g\u00f6revleri nedeniyle hukuki, idari, mali ve cezai sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131n olmayaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f, mutlak dokunulmazl\u0131k getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer yandan i\u015fkence su\u00e7unun kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yasadaki mu\u011flakl\u0131k yerini korumaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fkence su\u00e7u nedeniyle yap\u0131lan su\u00e7 duyurusu ba\u015fvurular\u0131 ya \u00e7e\u015fitli gerek\u00e7eler ile takipsizlikle sonu\u00e7lanmakta ya da daha az cezay\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren ve zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na tabi olan basit yaralama, zor kullanma s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ya da g\u00f6revi k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan soru\u015fturulmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca i\u015fkence yapan g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlileri hakk\u0131nda bir \u015fik\u00e2yette bulunulmas\u0131, soru\u015fturma ya da dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde i\u015fkence g\u00f6renler hakk\u0131nda derhal \u201cmemura hakaret etmek, mukavemet etmek, bu s\u0131rada yaralamak, kamu mal\u0131na zarar vermek\u201d gibi gerek\u00e7elerle kar\u015f\u0131 davalar a\u00e7\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fkenceciler aleyhine a\u00e7\u0131lan davalar cezas\u0131z kal\u0131rken i\u015fkence g\u00f6renler aleyhine a\u00e7\u0131lan davalar k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede a\u011f\u0131r cezalar ile sonu\u00e7lanabilmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015fkenceyi ve i\u015fkenceciyi \u00f6ven, te\u015fvik eden s\u00f6ylemlerden vazge\u00e7ilmeli, uluslararas\u0131 mekanizmalar\u0131n tavsiyeleri do\u011frultusunda i\u015fkence uygulamalar\u0131 kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde kesin olarak k\u0131nanmal\u0131d\u0131r:
\nYetkililerin her vesileyle ba\u015fvurduklar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 \u015fiddet dili sonland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131, i\u015fkenceyi ve i\u015fkenceciyi \u00f6ven, te\u015fvik eden s\u00f6ylemlerden vazge\u00e7ilmelidir. 2 Haziran 2016 tarihinde yay\u0131nlanan BM \u0130\u015fkenceye Kar\u015f\u0131 Komite (CAT) taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Periyodik Raporu\u201dnda yer alan 47 \u00f6neri kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan T\u00fcrkiye Devleti taraf\u0131ndan \u201c\u0130\u015fkencenin mutlak bir \u015fekilde yasak oldu\u011funun belirsizli\u011fe mahal vermeyecek \u015fekilde yeniden teyit edilmesi ve i\u015fkence su\u00e7unu i\u015fleyen, bu su\u00e7a i\u015ftirak eden veya g\u00f6z yumanlar\u0131n kanun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ki\u015fisel olarak sorumlu tutulaca\u011f\u0131na, ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131na tabi tutulaca\u011f\u0131na ve cezaland\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na dair a\u00e7\u0131k bir uyar\u0131 verilerek i\u015fkence uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde k\u0131nanmas\u0131\u201d tavsiyenin gerekleri derhal yerine getirilmelidir.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6zalt\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131nda usul g\u00fcvenceleri eksiksiz olarak uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r:
\n\u0130\u015fkencenin \u00f6nlenmesinde \u00f6nemli rol\u00fc olan ancak y\u0131llard\u0131r uygulamada b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ihmal edilen usul g\u00fcvenceleri, i\u015fkence ile ilgili mevzuatta \u00f6zellikle son d\u00f6nemdeki olumsuz d\u00fczenlemeler ve siyasi iktidar temsilcilerinin s\u00f6ylem ve tutumlar\u0131n\u0131n da etkisiyle \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tahrip olmu\u015ftur. Ki\u015fiye g\u00f6zalt\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgilendirme, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraflara bilgilendirme, avukata eri\u015fim, hekime eri\u015fim, uygun ortamlarda uygun muayenelerinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi ve usul\u00fcne uygun raporlar\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesi, hukukilik denetimi i\u00e7in s\u00fcratle yarg\u0131sal makama ba\u015fvurabilme, g\u00f6zalt\u0131 kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcn tutulmas\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z izlemelerin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmas\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131nda toplanabilecek usul g\u00fcvenceleri eksiksiz olarak uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6zalt\u0131 s\u00fcreleri k\u0131salt\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r:
\n31 Temmuz 2018 g\u00fcn\u00fc onaylanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren \u201c7145 Say\u0131l\u0131 Baz\u0131 Kanun ve Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararnamelerde De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun\u201d ile g\u00f6zalt\u0131 s\u00fcresinin h\u00e2kim karar\u0131yla d\u00f6rder g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcrelerle uzat\u0131larak, mevcut Anayasa h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine bile ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir \u015fekilde, toplamda 12 g\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilece\u011fi \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. G\u00f6zalt\u0131 s\u00fcrelerini k\u0131saltan yeni bir d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Mevcut T\u00fcrkiye \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 ve E\u015fitlik Kurumu (T\u0130HEK) kald\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 OPCAT ve Paris \u0130lkelerine uygun t\u00fcm\u00fcyle ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir ulusal \u00f6nleme mekanizmas\u0131 olu\u015fturulmal\u0131d\u0131r:
\n\u0130\u015fkencenin \u00f6nlenmesinde \u00f6nemli bir ara\u00e7 olarak bir ulusal \u00f6nleme mekanizmas\u0131 fonksiyonunu da \u00fcstlendi\u011fi iddia edilen mevcut T\u0130HEK, h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda kurulu\u015f yasas\u0131, yap\u0131s\u0131, i\u015flevi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, yap\u0131sal, i\u015flevsel ve mali ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kurul \u00fcyelerinin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00fcyelik teminat\u0131 ve se\u00e7ilme kriterleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan BM \u0130\u015fkenceye Kar\u015f\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmeye Ek \u0130htiyari Protokol (OPCAT) ve Paris \u0130lkeleri ile uyumlu de\u011fildir. Kurumun, 2015 y\u0131l\u0131 sonras\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de meydana gelen \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 ortam ve OHAL d\u00f6neminde yayg\u0131n ve yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fanan insan haklar\u0131 ihlallerine kar\u015f\u0131 etkili bir \u015fekilde izleme ve soru\u015fturma ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir g\u00f6stergedir. T\u0130HEK kald\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 ve yerine OPCAT, Paris \u0130lkeleri ve BM \u0130\u015fkenceyi \u00d6nleme Alt Komitesi\u2019nin (SPT) \u00f6nerileri \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda amaca y\u00f6nelik etkin bir ulusal \u00f6nleme mekanizmas\u0131 kurulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015fkencenin belgelenmesi ve raporland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 bir BM belgesi olan \u2018\u0130stanbul Protokol\u00fc\u2019 ilkelerine g\u00f6re yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r:
\nG\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nan ki\u015filerin t\u0131bb\u00ee muayenelerinin tam, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve tarafs\u0131z bir \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesini sa\u011flamaya d\u00f6n\u00fck gerekli d\u00fczenlemeler yap\u0131lmal\u0131 ve bu d\u00fczenlemelerin uygulan\u0131p uygulanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131 bir \u015fekilde kontrol edilmelidir. \u0130\u015fkence iddialar\u0131n\u0131n, ispatlanmas\u0131nda fiziksel bulgular kadar ruhsal bulgular da e\u015fit \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Rapor veren t\u0131bb\u00ee personelin, i\u015fkencenin fiziksel ve ruhsal izlerini tespit etme olana\u011f\u0131 veren adl\u00ee t\u0131p teknikleri konusunda gere\u011fince e\u011fitilmeli i\u015fkence konusunda \u015fik\u00e2yette bulunan ki\u015fiye \u0130stanbul Protokol\u00fc prosed\u00fcr\u00fc eksiksiz olarak uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015fkenceye ili\u015fkin iddialar h\u0131zl\u0131, etkin, tarafs\u0131z bir \u015fekilde soru\u015fturulmal\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z heyetlerce ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131, adli yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin her a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 etik ve hukuk kurallar\u0131na uygun davran\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\nSonu\u00e7 olarak, biz a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da imzas\u0131 olan kurumlar olarak, verilerle yans\u0131tmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin bir kader olmamas\u0131n\u0131 ve insani varolu\u015fumuzun anlam\u0131na ters d\u00fc\u015fen, daha ayd\u0131nl\u0131k bir gelecek i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z umutlara g\u00f6lge d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren \u2018i\u015fkence\u2019nin \u00fclkemizden ve d\u00fcnyadan mutlak olarak silinmesini istiyoruz.<\/p>\n
Bu hedefe ula\u015f\u0131ncaya kadar da, t\u00fcm \u00f6rtbas etme, korkutma, susturma \u00e7abalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, ba\u015flar\u0131na geleni kader olarak kabul etmeyip, i\u015fkence g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini y\u00fcksek sesle hayk\u0131rabilmeleri ve kendilerini g\u00fcvende hissetmeleri i\u00e7in her ko\u015fulda i\u015fkence g\u00f6renlerin yan\u0131nda olmaya devam edece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n
Ancak \u015funu hat\u0131rlamak isteriz ki, mutlak olan i\u015fkence yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tavizsiz bi\u00e7imde ya\u015fam bulmas\u0131 g\u00f6revi her ne kadar uluslararas\u0131 hukuk taraf\u0131ndan devletlere verilmi\u015f bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck ise de ayn\u0131 zamanda t\u00fcm toplumun da g\u00f6revidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir arada ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yurtta\u015flardan bir k\u0131sm\u0131na bizzat \u201cbizim ad\u0131m\u0131za\u201d ac\u0131 \u00e7ektirilmesine izin veremeyiz. \u0130nsanl\u0131k onurunu korumak, insan olmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmek i\u00e7in herkesin \u00f6devidir. Bu nedenle i\u015fkencenin \u00f6nlenmesi ve i\u015fkencenin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 ac\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi hepimizin ortak sorumlulu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n
\u0130nsanl\u0131k Onuru Mutlaka \u0130\u015fkenceyi Yenecektir!<\/p>\n
\u0130zmir Barosu, \u0130zmir Tabip Odas\u0131,\u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Derne\u011fi \u0130zmir \u015eubesi, T\u00fcrkiye \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Vakf\u0131 \u0130zmir Temsilcili\u011fi, \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Hukuk\u00e7ular Derne\u011fi, \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u0130\u00e7in Hukuk\u00e7ular Derne\u011fi, Sa\u011fl\u0131k ve Sosyal Hizmet Emek\u00e7ileri Sendikas\u0131 \u0130zmir \u015eubesi, \u0130mece Dostluk ve Dayan\u0131\u015fma Derne\u011fi, Hak \u0130nisiyatifi Derne\u011fi, \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 G\u00fcndemi Derne\u011fi, Halklararas\u0131 Dayan\u0131\u015fma K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc Derne\u011fi\u201c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
26 Haziran \u0130\u015fkenceye Kar\u015f\u0131 M\u00fccadele ve \u0130\u015fkence G\u00f6renlerle Dayan\u0131\u015fma G\u00fcn\u00fc dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u0130zmir Barosu, \u0130zmir Tabip Odas\u0131, \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Derne\u011fi \u0130zmir \u015eubesi, T\u00fcrkiye \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Vakf\u0131 \u0130zmir Temsilcili\u011fi, \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Hukuk\u00e7ular Derne\u011fi, \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u0130\u00e7in Hukuk\u00e7ular Derne\u011fi, Sa\u011fl\u0131k ve Sosyal Hizmet Emek\u00e7ileri Sendikas\u0131 \u0130zmir \u015eubesi, \u0130mece Dostluk ve Dayan\u0131\u015fma Derne\u011fi, Hak \u0130nisiyatifi Derne\u011fi, \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 G\u00fcndemi Derne\u011fi, Halklararas\u0131 … <\/p>\n