{"id":3798,"date":"2023-07-04T22:35:06","date_gmt":"2023-07-04T19:35:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/izmir.imece-der.com\/?p=3798"},"modified":"2023-07-04T22:35:06","modified_gmt":"2023-07-04T19:35:06","slug":"izmirde-hak-orgutleri-bm-26-haziran-iskence-gorenlerle-dayanisma-gununde-insanlik-onuru-iskenceyi-mutlaka-yenecek-dedi-ve-taleplerini-acikladi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.imece-der.com\/?p=3798","title":{"rendered":"\u0130zmir’de hak \u00f6rg\u00fctleri; ‘BM 26 Haziran \u0130\u015fkence G\u00f6renlerle Dayan\u0131\u015fma G\u00fcn\u00fc’nde \u0130nsanl\u0131k onuru i\u015fkenceyi mutlaka yenecek dedi ve taleplerini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.."},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130zmir Tabip Odas\u0131, Kamu Emek\u00e7ileri Sendikas\u0131 Konfederasyonu (KESK) \u0130zmir \u015eubeler Platformu, T\u00fcrkiye \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Vakf\u0131 (T\u0130HV), \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Hukuk\u00e7ular Derne\u011fi (\u00c7HD), Hak \u0130nisiyatifi Derne\u011fi, Halklar\u0131n K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc Derne\u011fi, \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Derne\u011fi (\u0130HD) \u0130zmir \u015eubesi, \u0130mece Dostluk ve Dayan\u0131\u015fma Derne\u011fi, \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u0130\u00e7in Hukuk\u00e7ular Derne\u011fi (\u00d6HD),\u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 G\u00fcndemi Derne\u011fi, \u201c26 Haziran \u0130\u015fkence G\u00f6renlerle Dayan\u0131\u015fma G\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d dolay\u0131s\u0131yla T\u00fcrkan Saylan K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi \u00f6n\u00fcnde bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapt\u0131. A\u00e7\u0131klamada, \u201cBM 26 Haziran \u0130\u015fkence g\u00f6renlerle dayan\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcn\u00fc, \u0130nsanl\u0131k onuruna sahip \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor, i\u015fkenceye hay\u0131r diyoruz\u201d yaz\u0131l\u0131 pankart\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131; “\u00c7\u0131plak arama i\u015fkencedir”, “Ters kelep\u00e7e i\u015fkencedir.”, “Susma hayk\u0131r i\u015fkence su\u00e7tur”, \u201c\u0130nsanl\u0131k onuru i\u015fkenceyi yenecek\u201d, ” \u201cSusma hayk\u0131r i\u015fkenceye hay\u0131r\u201d sloganlar\u0131 at\u0131ld\u0131. A\u00e7\u0131klamaya kapitalist d\u00fczene muhalif parti ve kitle \u00f6rg\u00fctleri temsilcileri de kat\u0131ld\u0131.
\nA\u00e7\u0131klamada kamuoyuna ve bas\u0131na “26 haziran 2023 itibariyle T\u00fcrkiye’de de\u011fi\u015fik boyutlar\u0131yla i\u015fkence ger\u00e7e\u011fi” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 raporda sunuldu. (Ekte bulunmakta)
\nA\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 T\u0130HV Genel Sekreteri Co\u015fkun \u00dcsterci okudu. A\u00e7\u0131klama \u015f\u00f6yle;<\/p>\n

“\u0130nsanl\u0131k Onuruna Sahip \u00c7\u0131k\u0131yor, \u0130\u015fkenceye Hay\u0131r Diyoruz\u2026<\/p>\n

\u201c26 Haziran \u0130\u015fkence G\u00f6renlerle Dayan\u0131\u015fma\u201d t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada insan haklar\u0131 savunucular\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6zel ve \u00f6nemli bir g\u00fcnd\u00fcr.
\nBirle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM) \u201c\u0130\u015fkence ve Di\u011fer Zalimane, \u0130nsanl\u0131k D\u0131\u015f\u0131 ya da Onur K\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 Muamele ya da Cezaya Kar\u015f\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u201d 26 Haziran 1987 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir. BM 1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu g\u00fcn\u00fc \u201c\u0130\u015fkence G\u00f6renlerle Dayan\u0131\u015fma G\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d olarak ilan etmi\u015ftir.
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de alt\u0131na imza att\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu S\u00f6zle\u015fme, insan\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu onur ve de\u011feri korumak i\u00e7in i\u015fkenceyi mutlak olarak yasaklar. \u0130nsanl\u0131k ailesinin ortak kazan\u0131m\u0131 olan ve modern insan haklar\u0131 hukukunun en temel kurallar\u0131ndan birini olu\u015fturan bu yasak, normlar hiyerar\u015fisi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00fcst\u00fcn kural, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle buyruk kural niteli\u011findedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hi\u00e7bir ko\u015fulda istisnas\u0131 olamaz. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin 2. maddesinin 2. paragraf\u0131nda bu durum \u015f\u00f6yle ifade edilir: \u201cHi\u00e7bir istisnai durum, ne harp h\u00e2li ne de bir harp tehdidi, d\u00e2hili siyas\u00ee istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k veya herhangi ba\u015fka bir ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2l, i\u015fkencenin uygulanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6sterilemez\u201d.
\nBu a\u00e7\u0131k ve net belirlemeye kar\u015f\u0131n i\u015fkence, h\u00e2len d\u00fcnyan\u0131n pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkesinde devletler taraf\u0131ndan toplumlara kar\u015f\u0131 insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir cezaland\u0131rma ve y\u0131ld\u0131rma arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
\nT\u00fcrkiye \u201c\u0130\u015fkenceye Kar\u015f\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u201dyi 1988 y\u0131l\u0131nda kabul etmi\u015f, Anayasa ve Ceza Kanunu\u2019nda i\u015fkenceyi yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Maalesef \u00fclkemizde de i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele sadece askeri darbeler d\u00f6neminde de\u011fil t\u00fcm cumhuriyet tarihi boyunca sistematik bir devlet prati\u011fi olarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumu\u015ftur. Ancak, ekonomiden toplum sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kadar \u00fclkenin t\u00fcm meselelerini g\u00fcvenlik sorunu haline getiren mevcut siyasal iktidar\u0131n, her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn daha da artan bask\u0131 ve kontrole dayal\u0131 y\u00f6netme tarz\u0131 sonucu, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde t\u00fcm \u00fclke adeta i\u015fkence mek\u00e2n\u0131 haline gelmi\u015ftir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n ekinde payla\u015f\u0131lan veriler, mutlak yasa\u011fa ve insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 bir su\u00e7 olma vasf\u0131na ra\u011fmen i\u015fkencenin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en ba\u015fat insan haklar\u0131 sorunu oldu\u011funu ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu veriler \u201c\u0130\u015fkenceye s\u0131f\u0131r tolerans\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn tarihsel ve olgusal olarak sadece bir propaganda s\u00f6ylemi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.
\nSiyasal iktidar\u0131n giderek daha fazla otoriterle\u015fmesi ile orant\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde; devlet erkinin \u00e7e\u015fitli kademelerinde yayg\u0131nla\u015fan yasa, kural ve norm denetiminden ka\u00e7\u0131nma, keyfilik, bilin\u00e7li ihmal gibi sebeplerle usul g\u00fcvencelerinin ihlal edilmesi, g\u00f6zalt\u0131 s\u00fcrelerinin uzunlu\u011fu, izleme ve \u00f6nleme mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flevsiz k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131 ya da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z izleme ve \u00f6nlemenin hi\u00e7 olmamas\u0131, en yetkili a\u011f\u0131zlardan yap\u0131lan i\u015fkenceyi bizzat te\u015fvik edici s\u00f6ylemler, k\u00f6kl\u00fc cezas\u0131zl\u0131k politikalar\u0131 vb. sonucunda, resmi g\u00f6zalt\u0131 merkezlerinde i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele uygulamalar\u0131 t\u00fcm vehameti ile devam etmektedir. Nitekim 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u0130HV\u2019e 32 y\u0131ll\u0131k tarihinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen en y\u00fcksek say\u0131da i\u015fkence g\u00f6ren ve yak\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fvuruda bulunmu\u015ftur.
\nKolluk g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l toplanma ve g\u00f6sterilere m\u00fcdahalesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, sokak ve a\u00e7\u0131k alanlarda ya da ev ve i\u015f yeri gibi mek\u00e2nlarda, yani resmi olmayan g\u00f6zalt\u0131 yerlerinde ve g\u00f6zalt\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ortamlarda ya\u015fanan i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele uygulamalar\u0131 da \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemlerde g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen bir boyuta varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kolluk g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin, evrensel hukukta ve \u00fclke yasalar\u0131nda tan\u0131mlanan zor kullanma yetkisinin \u00e7ok \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7en, kural d\u0131\u015f\u0131, denetlenmeyen, cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmayan, siyasal iktidar taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6rmezden gelinen, hatta te\u015fvik edilen bu \u015fiddeti s\u0131radanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fam\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelmi\u015ftir.
\nY\u0131l boyunca, demokratik bir toplumun temelini olu\u015fturan ve Anayasa taraf\u0131ndan da teminat alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan toplanma ve g\u00f6steri yapma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini kullanmak isteyen \u2014 ba\u015fta Cumartesi Anneleri\/\u0130nsanlar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere \u2014 kad\u0131nlar, LGBT\u0130+\u2019lar, i\u015f\u00e7iler, ya\u015fam savunucular\u0131, siyasi partilerin \u00fcye ve y\u00f6neticileri, meslek \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin \u00fcye ve y\u00f6neticileri, insan haklar\u0131 savunucular\u0131, m\u00fclteci ve s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar bu zalimane kolluk \u015fiddetine maruz kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\nCumartesi Anneleri\/\u0130nsanlar\u0131, 700. hafta bulu\u015fmas\u0131nda maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131 polis m\u00fcdahalesini\/\u015fiddetini \u2018toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlali\u2019 olarak kabul eden Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin (AYM) a\u00e7\u0131k karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n 8 Mart 2023 tarihinden beri her hafta yine polis m\u00fcdahalesine, i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye (kalkanlarla etraflar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evirip tecrit etme, ters kelep\u00e7e vb.) maruz kalmaktad\u0131rlar.
\nKeza Onur Ay\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lmak istenen pek \u00e7ok toplant\u0131, y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f ve etkinlik ise \u00fclke sath\u0131nda m\u00fclki idare amirleri taraf\u0131ndan yasakland\u0131 ve\/veya kolluk g\u00fc\u00e7leri taraf\u0131ndan engellendi. \u00d6zellikle kolluk g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin m\u00fcdahalesi sonucu \u00e7ok say\u0131da ki\u015fi i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kalarak g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131.
\nYak\u0131n tarihimizin en utan\u00e7 verici insan haklar\u0131 ihlallerinden biri olan, insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7 niteli\u011findeki zorla ka\u00e7\u0131rma\/kaybetme vakalar\u0131nda OHAL\u2019in ilan edildi\u011fi 2016 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana yeniden bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi son derece endi\u015fe vericidir. Ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lan Yusuf Bilge Tun\u00e7 isimli ki\u015fiden 6 A\u011fustos 2019 tarihinden bu yana haber al\u0131namamaktad\u0131r.
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de hapishaneler, her d\u00f6nem i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 mek\u00e2nlar olmu\u015ftur. \u00d6zelliklede 2015 Temmuz\u2019unda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin yeniden \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131na girmesiyle ba\u015flayan, daha sonra askeri darbe giri\u015fiminin bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan OHAL ilan edilmesiyle devam ederek g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze varan s\u00fcre\u00e7te hapishanelerde tutuklu ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fclere y\u00f6nelik i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele uygulamalar\u0131nda ileri d\u00fczeyde art\u0131\u015flar ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. Avrupa \u0130\u015fkencenin ve \u0130nsanl\u0131k D\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya Onur K\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 Ceza veya Muamelenin \u00d6nlenmesi Komitesi\u2019nin (CPT) raporlar\u0131nda da yer verildi\u011fi \u00fczere \u0130mral\u0131 Hapishanesinde uygulanan izolasyon kabul edilemezdir.
\nA\u00e7\u0131klama ekinde yer alan verilerle g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck kazand\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z endi\u015fe verici bu ger\u00e7eklik uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6nleme mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n ve insan haklar\u0131 kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n raporlar\u0131na da yans\u0131maktad\u0131r. Ne var ki, Anayasa ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere hi\u00e7bir kural ve normla kendine s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmak istemeyen siyasal iktidar, uluslararas\u0131 mekanizmalar\u0131, onlar\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ele\u015ftiri ve uyar\u0131lar\u0131 dikkate almamakta, i\u015fkenceyi \u00f6nlemeye y\u00f6nelik iyile\u015ftirmeleri yapmamaktad\u0131r. Aksine, mevzuatta i\u015fkence yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n mutlak niteli\u011fine ayk\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczenleme ve de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yaparak cezas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cg\u00fcvence\u201d alt\u0131na almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta, ihlalleri g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan insan haklar\u0131 savunucular\u0131na y\u00f6neltti\u011fi tehdit ve tacizlerle i\u015fkenceye kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleyi engelleyebilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedir.
\nBu i\u00e7 karart\u0131c\u0131 hakikate ra\u011fmen \u201ci\u015fkence\u201d insan eliyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bir fiil oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, insan eliyle de \u00f6nlenmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.
\n\u0130\u015fkenceyi \u00f6nleme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00f6ncelikle devletlere aittir. Bu nedenle de devletler, her \u015feyden \u00f6nce i\u015fkenceyi bir sindirme arac\u0131 olarak kullanmaktan vazge\u00e7meli, i\u015fkence su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 etkin bir bi\u00e7imde soru\u015fturmal\u0131 ve cezas\u0131zl\u0131kla m\u00fccadele etmelidirler. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla insan haklar\u0131 savunuculu\u011funun bir gere\u011fi olarak y\u0131llard\u0131r sab\u0131r ve \u0131srarla dile getirdi\u011fimiz bu kapsamdaki asgari talepleri siyasal iktidara bir kez daha hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor ve ivedilikle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesini istiyoruz:
\n\u2022\u0130\u015fkencenin \u00fclkemizde bu boyutta olmas\u0131n\u0131n en temel nedeni, i\u015fkence yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n mutlak niteli\u011fi ile ba\u011fda\u015fmayan \u00e7ok ciddi bir cezas\u0131zl\u0131k k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce, s\u0131radan bir kural haline getirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan cezas\u0131zl\u0131k politikalar\u0131na son verilmelidir.
\n\u2022Her d\u00fczeyde yetkililer i\u015fkenceyi ve i\u015fkenceciyi \u00f6ven, te\u015fvik eden s\u00f6ylemlerden vazge\u00e7meli, uluslararas\u0131 mekanizmalar\u0131n tavsiyeleri do\u011frultusunda i\u015fkence uygulamalar\u0131 kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde kesin olarak k\u0131nanmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n\u2022G\u00f6zalt\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131nda usul g\u00fcvenceleri eksiksiz olarak uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n\u2022G\u00f6zalt\u0131 s\u00fcreleri k\u0131salt\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n\u2022Mevcut T\u00fcrkiye \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 ve E\u015fitlik Kurumu (T\u0130HEK) kald\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131, BM \u0130\u015fkenceye Kar\u015f\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ek Protokol (OPCAT) ve BM Paris Prensiplerine uygun, t\u00fcm\u00fcyle ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z yeni bir ulusal \u00f6nleme mekanizmas\u0131 olu\u015fturulmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n\u2022Kolluk G\u00f6zetim Komisyonu tarafs\u0131z ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hale getirilmelidir.
\n\u2022\u0130\u015fkencenin belgelenmesi ve raporland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 bir BM belgesi olan \u2018\u0130stanbul Protokol\u00fc\u2019 ilkelerine g\u00f6re yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n\u2022\u0130\u015fkenceye ili\u015fkin iddialar h\u0131zl\u0131, etkin, tarafs\u0131z bir \u015fekilde soru\u015fturulmal\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z heyetlerce ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131, adli yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin her a\u015famas\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 etik ve hukuk kurallar\u0131na uygun davran\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n\u2022Hapishaneler insan haklar\u0131 ve hukuk \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z denetimine a\u00e7\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n\u2022CPT raporlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klanmal\u0131 ve t\u00fcm tavsiyelere uyulmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\nAncak \u015funu da hat\u0131rlatmak isteriz ki, insanl\u0131k onuruna sahip \u00e7\u0131kmak ve i\u015fkenceyi \u00f6nlemek ayn\u0131 zamanda t\u00fcm toplumun da sorumlulu\u011fudur. \u0130nsan ve yurtta\u015f olmak i\u00e7in, bizi toplum yapan m\u00fc\u015fterek ba\u011f\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in, i\u015fkencenin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 ac\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6rmek ve dayan\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fctmek zorunday\u0131z.
\n\u0130\u015fkencesiz bir T\u00fcrkiye ve d\u00fcnyaya ula\u015fmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan kurumlar olarak, d\u00fcn oldu\u011fu gibi bundan sonra da t\u00fcm \u00f6rtbas etme, korkutma, susturma \u00e7abalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, ba\u015flar\u0131na geleni kader olarak kabul etmeyip, y\u00fcksek sesle hayk\u0131rabilmeleri i\u00e7in i\u015fkence g\u00f6renlerin her ko\u015fulda yan\u0131nda olmaya; maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015fkenceyi belgeleyip raporlamaya; fiziksel ve ruhsal onar\u0131m s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine destek vermeye; adalete eri\u015fimlerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmaya; ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 ac\u0131lar\u0131n bir daha asla tekrarlanmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in cezas\u0131zl\u0131kla m\u00fccadele etmeye devam edece\u011fiz.
\nG\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz, susmuyoruz, m\u00fccadele ediyoruz\u2026
\n\u0130nsanl\u0131k onuru i\u015fkenceyi mutlaka yenecek\u2026
\n\u0130\u015fkencesiz bir d\u00fcnya m\u00fcmk\u00fcn!”<\/p>\n

EK: Rapor<\/p>\n

“26 HAZ\u0130RAN 2023 \u0130T\u0130BAR\u0130YLE
\nT\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DE DE\u011e\u0130\u015e\u0130K BOYUTLARIYLA \u0130\u015eKENCE GER\u00c7E\u011e\u0130
\nBirle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM) \u0130\u015fkence ve Di\u011fer Zalimane, \u0130nsanl\u0131k D\u0131\u015f\u0131 ya da Onur K\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 Muamele ya da Cezaya Kar\u015f\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin 1. maddesinin ilk f\u0131kras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan i\u015fkence tan\u0131m\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:
\n\u201c\u0130\u015fkence terimi, bir \u015fahsa veya bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fahsa, bu \u015fahs\u0131n veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fahs\u0131n i\u015fledi\u011fi veya i\u015fledi\u011finden \u015f\u00fcphe edilen bir fiil sebebiyle, cezaland\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla bilgi veya itiraf elde etmek i\u00e7in veya ayr\u0131m g\u00f6zeten herhangi bir sebep dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bir kamu g\u00f6revlisinin veya bu s\u0131fatla hareket eden bir ba\u015fka \u015fahs\u0131n te\u015fviki veya r\u0131zas\u0131 veya muvafakatiyle uygulanan fiziki veya manevi a\u011f\u0131r ac\u0131 veya \u0131zd\u0131rap veren bir fiil anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu yaln\u0131zca yasal m\u00fceyyidelerin uygulanmas\u0131ndan do\u011fan, tabiat\u0131nda olan veya ar\u0131zi olarak husule gelen ac\u0131 ve \u0131zd\u0131rab\u0131 i\u00e7ermez.\u201d
\nS\u00f6zle\u015fmenin 2. maddesinde ise \u015f\u00f6yle denilmektedir:
\n\u201cS\u00f6zle\u015fmeye Taraf Devlet, yetkisi alt\u0131ndaki \u00fclkelerde i\u015fkence olaylar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in etkili kanuni, idari, adli veya ba\u015fka tedbirleri alacakt\u0131r.
\nHi\u00e7bir istisnai durum, ne harp hali ne de bir harp tehdidi, dahili siyasi istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k veya herhangi ba\u015fka bir ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hal, i\u015fkencenin uygulanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6sterilemez.
\nBir \u00fcst g\u00f6revlinin veya bir kamu merciinin emri, i\u015fkencenin hakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na gerek\u00e7e kabul edilemez.\u201d
\nS\u00f6zle\u015fmede yer alan bu ifadelerden de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, insan\u0131n onuruna ve ki\u015fili\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 en a\u011f\u0131r sald\u0131r\u0131 olarak kabul edilen i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamelenin yasaklanmas\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 hukuk a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan buyruk emir (jus cogens) niteli\u011findedir.
\nA\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki t\u00fcm de\u011ferlendirmeler s\u00f6z konusu buyruk emir ve S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin t\u00fcm maddeleri \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n1) Resmi G\u00f6zalt\u0131 Yerlerinde \u0130\u015fkence ve Di\u011fer K\u00f6t\u00fc Muamele Uygulamalar\u0131:
\nSon y\u0131llarda yasa, kural ve norm denetiminden ka\u00e7\u0131nma, keyfilik, bilin\u00e7li ihmal gibi sebeplerle usul g\u00fcvencelerinin ihlal edilmesi, g\u00f6zalt\u0131 s\u00fcrelerinin uzunlu\u011fu, izleme ve \u00f6nleme mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flevsiz k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131 ya da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z izleme ve \u00f6nlemenin hi\u00e7 olmamas\u0131 vb. nedenlerle resmi g\u00f6zalt\u0131 merkezlerinde i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele uygulamalar\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.
\nSon bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde, \u00f6zellikle Adana, Ad\u0131yaman, Dersim, Diyarbak\u0131r, Hakkari, \u0130stanbul, \u0130zmir, Mardin, Hatay, Ni\u011fde ve \u015eanl\u0131urfa\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi, resmi g\u00f6zalt\u0131 merkezlerinde ya\u015fanan \u00e7ok say\u0131da kayg\u0131 verici i\u015fkence uygulamas\u0131 bas\u0131na, mahkeme tutanaklar\u0131na, ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 insan haklar\u0131 kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n raporlar\u0131na yans\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nT\u00fcm \u00fclkeyi yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r y\u0131k\u0131m ve tahribat ile derin ac\u0131lara bo\u011fan 6 \u015eubat depremlerinin hemen ard\u0131ndan 7 \u015eubat 2023 tarih ve 6785 say\u0131l\u0131 Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Karar\u0131 ile depremlerden etkilenen 10 \u0130lde (Adana, Ad\u0131yaman, Diyarbak\u0131r, Antep, Hatay, Mara\u015f, Kilis, Malatya, Osmaniye ve Urfa) 3 ay s\u00fcreyle Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc Hal ilan edilmi\u015ftir. OHAL kapsam\u0131nda yarg\u0131 alan\u0131ndaki tedbirlere ili\u015fkin 11 \u015eubat 2023 tarih ve 120 say\u0131l\u0131 Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi ile de \u201ch\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k ve ya\u011fma\u201d su\u00e7lar\u0131 nedeniyle yap\u0131lan i\u015flemlerde yakalama an\u0131ndan itibaren 4 g\u00fcn\u00fc ge\u00e7meyen g\u00f6zalt\u0131 s\u00fcresinin, gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fclen hallerde Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 7 g\u00fcne kadar uzat\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn hale gelmi\u015ftir. Gerek OHAL ilan\u0131 ve gerekse g\u00f6zalt\u0131 s\u00fcresinin uzat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015fkence yasa\u011f\u0131 ihlallerinde endi\u015fe verici bir art\u0131\u015fa yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u0130HV\u2019e i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle toplam 1201 ki\u015fi ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur. Ancak bu ki\u015filerden bir k\u0131sm\u0131 i\u015fkence g\u00f6renlerin yak\u0131n\u0131d\u0131r, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ise T\u00fcrkiye d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele uygulamalar\u0131na maruz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de do\u011frudan i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in T\u0130HV\u2019e ba\u015fvuran 1079 ki\u015fiden 547\u2019si (%50,7) emniyet m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fckleri, 61\u2019i (%5,7) polis karakolu, 69\u2019u (%6,4) ise jandarma birimleri gibi resmi g\u00f6zalt\u0131 merkezlerinde i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015flerdir. Ayr\u0131ca 331 (%30,7) ki\u015fi de kolluk g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin g\u00f6zalt\u0131 ve nakil ara\u00e7lar\u0131nda i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir.
\n2023 y\u0131l\u0131 ilk be\u015f ay\u0131nda ise T\u0130HV\u2019e i\u015fkence ve k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle 270 ki\u015fi ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur.
\n\u2022T\u0130HV Dok\u00fcmantasyon Merkezi\u2019nin tespitlerine g\u00f6re 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda 1 ki\u015fi g\u00f6zalt\u0131nda \u015f\u00fcpheli \u015fekilde ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015ftir. 2023 Y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk be\u015f ay\u0131nda ise en az 6 ki\u015fi g\u00f6zalt\u0131nda \u015f\u00fcpheli \u015fekilde ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015ftir.
\n\u2022\u0130HD Dok\u00fcmantasyon Birimi\u2019nin tespitlerine g\u00f6re ise 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda resmi g\u00f6zalt\u0131 yerlerinde en az 1.347 ki\u015fi i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n2) Resmi Olmayan G\u00f6zalt\u0131 Yerlerinde ve G\u00f6zalt\u0131 D\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Ortamlarda \u0130\u015fkence ve Di\u011fer K\u00f6t\u00fc Muamele Uygulamalar\u0131:
\nKolluk g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6sterilere m\u00fcdahalesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, sokak ve a\u00e7\u0131k alanlarda veya ev ve i\u015f yeri gibi mek\u00e2nlarda, yani resmi olmayan g\u00f6zalt\u0131 yerlerinde ya da g\u00f6zalt\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ortamlarda ya\u015fanan i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele uygulamalar\u0131nda da kayg\u0131 verici bir art\u0131\u015f ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r.
\nToplanma ve g\u00f6steri yapma hakk\u0131, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile birlikte, demokratik bir toplumun temelini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Maalesef son y\u0131llarda \u00fclkemizde bu hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 bir istisna, m\u00fcdahale ve yasaklamalar ise kural haline gelmi\u015ftir. Bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l toplanma ve g\u00f6steri yapma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanan ki\u015filere y\u00f6nelik i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele uygulamas\u0131 d\u00fczeyine ula\u015fan kolluk \u015fiddeti adeta normalle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.
\nSon d\u00f6nemde hakikat ve adalet m\u00fccadelesi veren Cumartesi Anneleri\u2019nin\/\u0130nsanlar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131 uygulamalar bunun somut bir \u00f6rne\u011fini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin (AYM) toplanma ve g\u00f6steri yapma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fine dair a\u00e7\u0131k karar\u0131na ra\u011fmen Cumartesi Anneleri\/\u0130nsanlar\u0131, Galatasaray Meydan\u0131\u2019na her \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda etraflar\u0131n\u0131n kalkan ta\u015f\u0131yan kolluk g\u00f6revlileri taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7evirilerek tecrit edilmekte, ters kelep\u00e7e vb. i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele niteli\u011findeki uygulamalara maruz kalmaktad\u0131rlar.
\nResmi olmayan g\u00f6zalt\u0131 yerlerinde ya da g\u00f6zalt\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ortamlarda ya\u015fanan i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rnekleri deprem b\u00f6lgesinde g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ya\u011fma olaylar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair iddialar\u0131n g\u00fcndeme gelmesiyle beraber aralar\u0131nda m\u00fclteciler ile depremzedelerin de oldu\u011fu kimi ki\u015filere y\u00f6nelik i\u015fkence ve lin\u00e7 vakalar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair haber ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler sosyal medyada payla\u015f\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n kimisinde resmi \u00fcniforma giymi\u015f ki\u015filerin de oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ancak her bak\u0131mdan teyide muhta\u00e7 bu iddialara dair maalesef bug\u00fcne de\u011fin resmi bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, soru\u015fturma ya da herhangi bir idari i\u015flem ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir bilgi edinilememi\u015ftir.
\nSon d\u00f6nemde \u201cresmi g\u00f6zalt\u0131 i\u015flemi\u201d hen\u00fcz ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeden ev bask\u0131nlar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen, yani g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde ya\u015fanan i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele uygulamalar\u0131nda da bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.
\n\u2022 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u0130HV\u2019e ba\u015fvuranlardan 546\u2019s\u0131 (%50,6) a\u00e7\u0131k alan ve g\u00f6steri s\u0131ras\u0131nda, 177\u2019si (%16,4) ise ev ve i\u015f yeri gibi mek\u00e2nlarda i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 beyan etmi\u015flerdir.
\n\u2022 T\u0130HV Dok\u00fcmantasyon Merkezi\u2019nin verilerine g\u00f6re 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda kolluk g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin toplanma ve g\u00f6steri \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l eylem ve etkinliklere m\u00fcdahalesi sonucu 144’\u00fc \u00e7ocuk olmak \u00fczere en az 5.434 ki\u015fi i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kalm\u0131\u015f, 42 ki\u015fi ise yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2023 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk be\u015f ay\u0131nda ise kolluk g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l eylem ve etkinliklere m\u00fcdahalesi sonucu 49’u \u00e7ocuk olmak \u00fczere en az 1.557 ki\u015fi i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kalm\u0131\u015f, 8 ki\u015fi ise yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022Yine T\u0130HV Dok\u00fcmantasyon Merkezi\u2019nin verilerine g\u00f6re 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda sokakta ve a\u00e7\u0131k alanda en az 230 ki\u015fi, ev bask\u0131nlar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda en az 29 ki\u015fi i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2023 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk be\u015f ay\u0131nda ise sokakta ve a\u00e7\u0131k alanda en az 76 ki\u015fi, ev bask\u0131nlar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda en az 4 ki\u015fi i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022\u0130HD Dok\u00fcmantasyon Birimi\u2019nin tespitlerine g\u00f6re ise 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda resmi olmayan g\u00f6zalt\u0131 yerlerinde ve g\u00f6zalt\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki yerlerde i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia eden ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131 42\u2019si \u00e7ocuk olmak \u00fczere 2.928 ki\u015fidir. Toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6sterilere kolluk g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin m\u00fcdahalesi sonucu en az 4.553 ki\u015fi i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n3) Zorla Ka\u00e7\u0131rma\/Kaybetme Giri\u015fimleri:
\nYak\u0131n tarihimizin en utan\u00e7 verici insan haklar\u0131 ihlallerinden biri olan insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7 niteli\u011findeki – en yo\u011fun olarak 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan- zorla ka\u00e7\u0131rma\/kaybetme vakalar\u0131nda OHAL\u2019in ilan edildi\u011fi 2016 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana yeniden bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi son derece endi\u015fe vericidir. Son y\u0131llarda BM Zorla veya \u0130raded\u0131\u015f\u0131 Kay\u0131plar \u00dczerine \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Grubu\u2019nun raporlar\u0131na da yans\u0131yan bu durum, \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Grubu\u2019nun en son 12 A\u011fustos 2022 tarihli raporunda bir kez daha yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu raporda yer alan ve altta aktar\u0131lan tablodan g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi \u00fczere 2001 – 2015 aras\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fme e\u011filimi g\u00f6steren zorla kaybetme eylemlerinde 2016 y\u0131l\u0131 ile yeniden bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.
\nHukukun, yarg\u0131n\u0131n ve adaletin suskun kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, failin her \u015feye muktedir oldu\u011fu mesaj\u0131n\u0131n verilmek istendi\u011fi g\u00f6zalt\u0131nda zorla kaybetme anl\u0131k bir eylem de\u011fildir. \u0130\u015fkencenin e\u015flik etti\u011fi, kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 belirli bir al\u0131koyma s\u00fcresini i\u00e7erir ve genellikle de \u00f6l\u00fcmle sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r. Bu nedenle \u00e7oklu ve ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k ihlallere yol a\u00e7ar. T\u0130HV Dok\u00fcmantasyon Merkezi\u2019nin tespitlerine g\u00f6re:
\n\u20226 A\u011fustos 2019 tarihinde Ankara\u2019da ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lan Yusuf Bilge Tun\u00e7\u2019tan halen haber al\u0131namamaktad\u0131r.
\n\u20222022 y\u0131l\u0131nda en az 4 ki\u015fi ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ya da ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2023 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk be\u015f ay\u0131nda 1 ki\u015fi ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ya da ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nAyr\u0131ca son y\u0131llarda \u00fcniversite \u00f6\u011frencileri, gazeteciler ve politik aktivistler ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere ki\u015filerin kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131narak bask\u0131 ve tehdit y\u00f6ntemleriyle ajanl\u0131k dayatmas\u0131na maruz b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 uygulamalarda kayg\u0131 verici bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.
\n\u2022\u0130HD\u2019ye yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvurular ve elde edilebilen di\u011fer verilere g\u00f6re 2022 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7inde 198 ki\u015finin ajanla\u015ft\u0131rma, ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lma ve tehdide maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir.
\n4) Hapishanelerde \u0130\u015fkence ve K\u00f6t\u00fc Muamele
\nSiyasal iktidar\u0131n hukuku bir bask\u0131 ve sindirme arac\u0131 olarak kullanmas\u0131n\u0131n sonucunda hem hapishane n\u00fcfusunda y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir art\u0131\u015f ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r hem de kapasitenin \u00e7ok \u00fczerinde tutuklu ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r.
\nAdalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n verilerine g\u00f6re 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda cezaevlerinde bulunan tutuklu ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131 55.870\u2019tir. 1 Haziran 2023 tarihi itibari ile toplam kapasitesi 296.202 olan 407 ceza infaz kurumunda toplam 357.572 tutuklu ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu say\u0131ya 7242 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun gere\u011fi COVID-19 iznine ayr\u0131lan h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcler dahildir.
\nG\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi 17 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde tutuklu ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 6,4 misli artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1 Haziran 2023 tarihi itibariyle de cezaevlerinde kapasite fazlas\u0131 olarak 61,370 tutuklu ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r.
\nKald\u0131 ki, y\u0131l i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lan giri\u015f ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f kay\u0131tlar\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hapishanelerde \u00e7ok daha yo\u011fun bir n\u00fcfus hareketlili\u011fi oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye \u0130statistik Kurumu (T\u00dc\u0130K) verilerine g\u00f6re 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda ceza infaz kurumlar\u0131na 258.401 ki\u015finin h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde giri\u015f kayd\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131rken, ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde 361.870 ki\u015finin h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f kayd\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 verileri dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu say\u0131lar\u0131n daha da artm\u0131\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Maalesef T\u00dc\u0130K son \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r bu konuda veri payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 yapmamaktad\u0131r.
\nAyr\u0131ca, 31 A\u011fustos 2022 tarihi itibariyle T\u00fcrkiye genelinde denetimli serbestlik kapsam\u0131nda 437.636 ki\u015fi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Denetimli Serbestlik Daire Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da maalesef s\u00f6z konusu tarihten bu yana yeni veri payla\u015fmamaktad\u0131r. Bu say\u0131y\u0131 hapishanelerde bulunan tutuklu ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fclerin say\u0131s\u0131 ile toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinden mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yurtta\u015f say\u0131s\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 795.506 ki\u015fiye ula\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu da di\u011fer dolayl\u0131 g\u00f6zetim\/denetim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 bir yana b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda yakla\u015f\u0131k her y\u00fcz yurtta\u015ftan birinin do\u011frudan\/\u00e7\u0131plak g\u00f6zetim alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.
\nSon d\u00f6nmelerde keyfi bir \u015fekilde ba\u015fvurulan ev hapsi dahil adli kontrol tedbirleri s\u0131radan ve rutin uygulamalar haline gelmi\u015ftir. Asl\u0131nda bu t\u00fcr tedbirler tutuklanmay\u0131 gerektiren ko\u015fullar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halinde, \u015f\u00fcpheliye\/san\u0131\u011fa daha hafif nitelikte bir tedbir uygulamak amac\u0131yla tutuklamaya alternatif olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015flerdir. Ancak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi 1 Haziran 2005 tarihinden bu yana, \u00f6zellikle de son d\u00f6nemde 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019nda yap\u0131lan \u00e7e\u015fitli de\u011fi\u015fiklikler sonucunda tutuklaman\u0131n tamamlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ve devam\u0131 niteli\u011findeki bir tedbir haline gelmi\u015ftir.
\nT\u00fcm bu tespit ve veriler, hapsetmenin siyasal iktidar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan asli bir y\u00f6netme tekni\u011fi haline geldi\u011fini g\u00f6stermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir.
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de hapishaneler, her d\u00f6nem i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 mek\u00e2nlar olmu\u015ftur. \u00d6zelliklede 2015 Temmuz\u2019unda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin yeniden \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131na girmesiyle ba\u015flayan, daha sonra askeri darbe giri\u015fiminin bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan OHAL ilan edilmesiyle devam ederek g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze varan s\u00fcre\u00e7te hapishanelerde tutuklu ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fclere y\u00f6nelik i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele uygulamalar\u0131nda ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc d\u00fczeyde art\u0131\u015flar ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r.
\n\u2022\u0130HD Dok\u00fcmantasyon Birimi\u2019nin verilerine g\u00f6re 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda hapishanelerde i\u015fkence ve k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia eden mahpus say\u0131s\u0131 247 ki\u015fidir.
\n\u2022Hapishanelere giri\u015ften itibaren \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle (\u00e7\u0131plak arama, kelep\u00e7eli muayene, ayakta tekmil vererek say\u0131m gibi) uygulanan kaba dayak, her t\u00fcrden keyfi muamele ve keyfi disiplin cezalar\u0131, h\u00fccre cezalar\u0131, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve sevkler yak\u0131n tarihte g\u00f6r\u00fclmedik boyutlara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022Sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetine eri\u015fimin k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131, cezaevi reviri ziyaret hakk\u0131n\u0131n reddedilmesi, Adli T\u0131p Kurumu\u2019na, adliyeye ve hastaneye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrken kelep\u00e7e tak\u0131lmas\u0131 d\u00e2hil k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele uygulamalar\u0131, mahpuslar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n zaman\u0131nda ve etkili bir \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmemesi, uzun bir s\u00fcredir devam eden bir ba\u015fka sorun alan\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle son d\u00f6nemde tedavilerini zorlukla s\u00fcrd\u00fcren mahpuslar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun ba\u015fka cezaevlerine s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmesi sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetine eri\u015fim hakk\u0131na \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde zarar vermi\u015ftir. Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa eri\u015fim konusunda ya\u015fanan k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar hapishanelerin \u00f6nemli bir sorunu olan hasta mahpuslar\u0131n\u0131 durumunu daha da a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu ki\u015filerin kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fu sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetine yeterli eri\u015fim sa\u011flayamama, Adli T\u0131p Kurumu\u2019nun ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmamas\u0131 d\u00e2hil, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve nitelikli t\u0131bbi de\u011ferlendirme raporu alamama gibi sorunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Ceza ve G\u00fcvenlik Tedbirlerinin \u0130nfaz\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanunu\u2019nda 28 Haziran 2014 tarihli \u201ctoplum g\u00fcvenli\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan a\u011f\u0131r ve somut tehlike olu\u015fturmayaca\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilen\u201d \u015feklindeki de\u011fi\u015fiklikte yer alan \u201ctoplum g\u00fcvenli\u011fi\u201d ibaresi, hasta mahpuslar i\u00e7in \u201ckesin hayati tehlike te\u015fkil etti\u011fi\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcnde raporlar verilmi\u015f olsa bile, mahpuslar\u0131n sal\u0131nmalar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle keyfiyete ba\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022En son 29 Nisan 2022 tarihinde g\u00fcncellenen \u0130HD verilerine g\u00f6re toplam 651\u2019i a\u011f\u0131r olmak \u00fczere 1.517 hasta mahpus bulunmaktad\u0131r.
\n\u20222023 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk 6 ay\u0131nda T\u00fcrk Tabipleri Birli\u011fi’ne (TTB) farkl\u0131 hapishanelerden sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa eri\u015fimde ya\u015fanan sorunlar, kelep\u00e7eli muayene dayatmas\u0131 ve kollu\u011fun muayenede bulunma \u0131srar\u0131 ile mahremiyet ihlali vb. gerek\u00e7elerle 54 mahpus ba\u015fvuru yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022T\u0130HV Dok\u00fcmantasyon Merkezi\u2019nin tespit edebildi\u011fi kadar\u0131yla 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda hapishanelerde en az 65 mahpus hastal\u0131k, intihar, \u015fiddet, ihmal vb. gerek\u00e7elerle ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015ftir. 2023 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk be\u015f ay\u0131nda ise ayn\u0131 gerek\u00e7elerle 10 ki\u015fi ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015ftir.
\n\u2022\u0130HD Dok\u00fcmantasyon Birimi\u2019nin tespit edebildi\u011fi kadar\u0131yla 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda hapishanelerde en az 83 mahpus \u015f\u00fcpheli bir \u015fekilde ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015ftir.
\nBu \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin \u00f6nemli b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in \u015f\u00fcpheli olduklar\u0131na dair ciddi iddialar bulunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bilgimiz dahilinde etkin soru\u015fturma s\u00fcre\u00e7leri ya\u015fanmamaktad\u0131r.
\n\u2022Uluslararas\u0131 normlara g\u00f6re mahpuslar\u0131n, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde, evlerine, ailelerine veya sosyal iyile\u015ftirme yerlerine yak\u0131n olan hapishanelere yerle\u015ftirilmesi gerekir. Ancak son d\u00f6nemde mahpuslar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerin \u00e7ok uza\u011f\u0131ndaki hapishanelere keyfi bir \u015fekilde sevk edilmeleri yayg\u0131n bir uygulama haline gelmi\u015ftir. Bu uygulama kendi ba\u015f\u0131na i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ele al\u0131nabilecek bir hak ihlaline yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r.
\n\u20222000 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana uygulanmakta olan ve tutuklu ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fclerin fiziksel ve psikolojik b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fcklerinin ciddi \u015fekilde zarar g\u00f6rmesine neden olan tek ki\u015fi ya da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck grup izolasyon\/tecrit uygulamalar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemeyen kronik bir soruna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2018n\u0131n 10 tutuklu ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn haftada 10 saat bir araya gelerek sosyalle\u015fmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren 22 Ocak 2007 tarihli genelgesi (45\/1) bile y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olmakla birlikte uygulanmamaktad\u0131r. Bir kez daha Avrupa \u0130\u015fkencenin ve \u0130nsanl\u0131k D\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya Onur K\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 Ceza veya Muamelenin \u00d6nlenmesi Komitesi\u2019nin (CPT) \u201cTutukevlerindeki mahkumlar\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcn makul bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 (sekiz saat veya daha fazla) h\u00fccreleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, belirli amac\u0131 olan ve de\u011fi\u015fen faaliyetler yaparak ge\u00e7irmeleri hedeflenmelidir. Do\u011fal olarak, h\u00fck\u00fcm giymi\u015f mahkumlar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu kurumlardaki programlar daha da uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d \u015feklinde ifade edilen standart ilkesini hat\u0131rlatmakta yarar olacakt\u0131r.
\n\u2022\u0130zolasyon uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel bir bi\u00e7imi \u0130mral\u0131 Hapishanesi\u2019nde ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. 2011 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana kesintisiz devam etmekte olan aile ve avukat g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f yasaklar\u0131 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 kez, 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir kez (3 Mart 2020 tarihinde) yap\u0131lan aile, 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda be\u015f kez avukat, 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda (5 Mart 2021 tarihinde) yap\u0131lan kesintili ve net olmayan telefon g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerine ra\u011fmen halen s\u00fcrmektedir. CPT\u2019nin T\u00fcrkiye hapishanelerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 2017 ve 2019 y\u0131l\u0131 ziyaretleri sonucu a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporlar\u0131ndaki tavsiyelere uyulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
\n5) Mevzuatta \u0130\u015fkence ve Di\u011fer K\u00f6t\u00fc Muamele Yasa\u011f\u0131 ve Usul G\u00fcvenceleri
\n\u20222005 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana de\u011fi\u015fik d\u00f6nemlerde mevzuatta i\u015fkence yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n mutlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zedeleyecek pek \u00e7ok olumsuz d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lagelmi\u015ftir. 2015 Temmuz ile ba\u015flayan s\u00fcre\u00e7le birlikte, bilhassa da OHAL d\u00f6neminde, bu mevzuat de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri sistematik bir hal alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m OHAL uygulamas\u0131na son verildikten sonra dahi s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir.
\n\u2022\u0130\u015fkencenin \u00f6nlenmesinde \u00f6nemli bir rol\u00fc olan ancak y\u0131llard\u0131r uygulamada b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ihmal edilen ki\u015fiye g\u00f6zalt\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgilendirme, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraflara bilgi verme, avukata eri\u015fim, hekime eri\u015fim, uygun ortamlarda uygun muayenelerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi ve usul\u00fcne uygun raporlar\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesi, hukukilik denetimi i\u00e7in s\u00fcratle yarg\u0131sal makama ba\u015fvurulabilme, g\u00f6zalt\u0131 kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcn tutulmas\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z izlemelerin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmas\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131nda toplanabilecek usul g\u00fcvenceleri son d\u00f6nemde \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tahrip edilmi\u015f, bu konuda b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle keyfi bir ortam yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u202214 Temmuz 2016 tarihinde \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 6722 say\u0131l\u0131 kanuna g\u00f6re operasyonlara kat\u0131lan askeri personelin i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele iddialar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 \u00f6zel izin prosed\u00fcr\u00fcne tabi k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, geriye d\u00f6n\u00fck olarak cezas\u0131zl\u0131k z\u0131rh\u0131 tesis edilmi\u015ftir. Keza OHAL Kararnamesi ile OHAL ile ilgili i\u015flerde karar veren ve g\u00f6rev alan ki\u015filerin bu g\u00f6revleri nedeniyle hukuki, idari, mali ve cezai sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131n olmayaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f, mutlak dokunulmazl\u0131k getirilmi\u015ftir.
\n\u2022Her ne kadar 12 g\u00fcnl\u00fck g\u00f6zalt\u0131 s\u00fcresi dahil pek \u00e7ok olumsuz d\u00fczenlemeyi i\u00e7eren ve bir anlamda fiili OHAL anlam\u0131na gelen 7145 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun 31 Temmuz 2022 tarihinde sonland\u0131r\u0131larak g\u00f6z alt\u0131 s\u00fcresinin 4 g\u00fcne indirilmesi olumlu bir geli\u015fme olsa da 6 \u015eubat depremlerinden etkilenen 10 \u0130lde 3 ay s\u00fcreyle OHAL ilan edilmesi ve \u201ch\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k ve ya\u011fma\u201d su\u00e7lar\u0131 nedeniyle yap\u0131lan i\u015flemlerde yakalama an\u0131ndan itibaren 4 g\u00fcn\u00fc ge\u00e7meyen g\u00f6zalt\u0131 s\u00fcresinin, gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fclen hallerde Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 7 g\u00fcne kadar uzat\u0131lmas\u0131 bir yandan i\u015fkence yasa\u011f\u0131 ihlallerinde h\u0131zl\u0131 bir art\u0131\u015f\u0131na yol a\u00e7arken, di\u011fer yandan da siyasal iktidar\u0131n i\u015fkence ile m\u00fccadele konusundaki samimiyetinin bir g\u00f6stergesi olmaktad\u0131r.
\n\u2022Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehdit \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclerek h\u0131zla TBMM\u2019den ge\u00e7irilen ve 15 Nisan 2020 tarihinde Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131nlanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren, \u201c7242 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza ve G\u00fcvenlik Tedbirlerinin \u0130nfaz\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun ile Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yapan Kanun\u201d ile ba\u015fta i\u015fkence yasa\u011f\u0131 ihlali olmak \u00fczere \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan haklar\u0131 ihlalinin cezas\u0131z kalmas\u0131n\u0131n yolu a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu.
\nD\u00fczenlemede \u201ckasten \u00f6ld\u00fcrme ve i\u015fkence\u201d su\u00e7u kapsam d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131lmakla birlikte \u201ckasten yaralama sonucunda \u00f6l\u00fcme sebebiyet verme\u201d ve \u201ctaksirle \u00f6l\u00fcme sebebiyet verme\u2019\u201d su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan h\u00fck\u00fcm giyenlerin ko\u015fullu sal\u0131verme oranlar\u0131 indirilmi\u015f ve denetimli serbestlik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden kolayl\u0131kla yararlanmalar\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ise, hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bi\u00e7imde g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanarak ya\u015fama hakk\u0131 ihlaline yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fcm giyen veya giyme ihtimali olan \u00e7ok say\u0131da kolluk g\u00f6revlisinin k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kavu\u015fmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor.
\nCeza indiriminden faydalanacaklar aras\u0131nda; Gezi Park\u0131 eylemlerinde orant\u0131s\u0131z ve hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanarak \u00f6l\u00fcme sebebiyet verdikleri i\u00e7in ceza alan failler ile Soma, Ermenek maden facialar\u0131, Alada\u011f yurt yang\u0131n\u0131, \u00c7orlu ve Ankara tren kazalar\u0131 davalar\u0131nda taksirle \u00f6l\u00fcme sebebiyet verme su\u00e7unda h\u00fck\u00fcm giyenler de bulunuyor.
\nUygulamada cezas\u0131zl\u0131k sistemati\u011finin bir sonucu olarak i\u015fkence su\u00e7u i\u015fleyen kolluk g\u00f6revlileri hakk\u0131nda genellikle daha hafif ceza gerektiren \u201ckasten yaralama\u201d su\u00e7undan dava a\u00e7\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu d\u00fczenleme ile i\u015fkence su\u00e7u da kapsam d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve b\u00f6ylelikle cezas\u0131zl\u0131k iyice peki\u015ftirilmi\u015f olmaktad\u0131r.
\n\u0130nfaz hakimli\u011finin yetki ve g\u00f6revleri geni\u015fletilmi\u015f, y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki mevzuat\u0131n mahkemelerin yetki alan\u0131na b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201ccezan\u0131n infaz\u0131, zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131, ko\u015fullu sal\u0131verme, denetimli serbestlik, a\u00e7\u0131k ceza infaz kurumuna ge\u00e7i\u015f, disiplin cezalar\u0131na itiraz vb.\u201d bir\u00e7ok hususta karar alma, onay ve itiraz s\u00fcre\u00e7leri gibi yetkiler \u0130nfaz Hakimli\u011fi\u2019nin yetki alan\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan mahpuslar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131n keyfi olarak engellenmesine yol a\u00e7abilecek pek d\u00fczenleme de bu yasan\u0131n i\u00e7ine yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.
\n\u2022TBMM Genel Kurulu\u2019nda kabul edildikten 18 Haziran 2020 tarihli Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 7245 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131 ve Mahalle Bek\u00e7ileri Kanunu ile bek\u00e7ilere zor ve silah kullanma; kamu d\u00fczenini bozacak mahiyetteki g\u00f6steri, y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f ve kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi amac\u0131yla genel kolluk kuvvetleri gelinceye kadar \u00f6nleyici tedbirleri alabilme; makul bir gerek\u00e7eyle durdurma; kimlik veya di\u011fer belgeleri isteyebilme; ki\u015finin \u015f\u00fcphe uyand\u0131rmas\u0131 durumunda \u00fcst aramas\u0131 yapabilme; ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilme vb. yetkilerin verilmesi \u201cya\u015fam hakk\u0131\u201d ve \u201cki\u015fi g\u00fcvenli\u011fi\u201d ihlallerinde 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda Polis Vazife ve Salahiyet Kanunu\u2019nda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler sonras\u0131nda ya\u015fanana benzer bir \u015fekilde art\u0131\u015f ya\u015fanmas\u0131 ve \u201cmutlak i\u015fkence yasa\u011f\u0131\u201d ihlallerin daha da yayg\u0131nla\u015faca\u011f\u0131 kayg\u0131s\u0131na yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r.
\n\u2022Kolluk g\u00fc\u00e7lerine bir d\u0131\u015f tehlike an\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken a\u011f\u0131r silahlar\u0131 toplumsal olaylarda kullanma yetkisinin veren \u201cT\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri, Mill\u00ee \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkilat\u0131, Emniyet Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (EGM) Ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r Mal Y\u00f6netmeli\u011finde De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Y\u00f6netmelik\u201d 6 Ocak 2021 tarihli Resmi Gazetede yay\u0131nlanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir. Bu y\u00f6netmelik arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile sadece TSK\u2019de olmas\u0131 gereken a\u011f\u0131r silahlar\u0131n \u00fclke i\u00e7indeki yerle\u015fim birimlerinde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde bunun yurtta\u015flar, di\u011fer canl\u0131lar, do\u011fal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel mek\u00e2nlar \u00fczerinde ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fi tahrip edici etki ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 tahayy\u00fcl etmek bile son derece kayg\u0131 vericidir. Bu y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin y\u00fcr\u00fctmesinin durdurulmas\u0131 ve iptali i\u00e7in \u0130HD t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi ve dernek ba\u015fkan\u0131 ger\u00e7ek ki\u015fi olarak Dan\u0131\u015ftay\u2019a dava a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f, Dan\u0131\u015ftay a\u00e7\u0131lan davay\u0131 menfaat yoklu\u011fu nedeni ile usulden red etmi\u015ftir. Dava bireysel ba\u015fvuru yolu ile AYM\u2019ye ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ancak red karar\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun \u00fczerine s\u00fcre\u00e7 Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi\u2019ne (A\u0130HM) ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u202225 Haziran 2021 tarihinde Resmi Gazete\u2019 de yay\u0131mlanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren \u201cCeza ve G\u00fcvenlik Tedbirlerinin \u0130nfaz\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u201d da mahpuslar\u0131n ileti\u015fim hakk\u0131n\u0131 (mektup, faks ve telgraflar gibi ileti\u015fim ara\u00e7lar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile haberle\u015fmelerin kaydedilmesi ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinin dinlenmesi ve kaydedilmesi gibi) k\u0131s\u0131tlayan d\u00fczenlemeler bulunmaktad\u0131r.
\n\u202221 Eyl\u00fcl 2021 tarihli Resmi Gazete\u2019 de yay\u0131mlanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren \u201cH\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc ve Tutuklulara Yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc veya Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 Nedeniyle Verilebilecek Mazeret \u0130zinlerine Dair Y\u00f6netmelikte De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Y\u00f6netmelik\u201d ile birlikte mahpuslar\u0131n yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n cenazesine kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in hapishane idaresinin \u00f6nerisinin aranmas\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Yas hakk\u0131n\u0131n mahpuslar\u0131n da temel hakk\u0131 olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131s\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan karar verilen, yani yarg\u0131sal bir pratik olan cenazeye kat\u0131lma karar\u0131na y\u00f6netmelikle idare bariyeri konulmas\u0131 keyfi kararlar\u0131n artmas\u0131na sebep olabilecek bir d\u00fczenlemedir.
\n\u202212 Kas\u0131m 2021 \u201cCeza \u0130nfaz Kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n Y\u00f6netimi ile Ceza ve G\u00fcvenlik Tedbirlerinin \u0130nfaz\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Y\u00f6netmelikte De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Y\u00f6netmelik\u201dte \u201c\u00e7\u0131plak arama\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri yerine \u201cdetayl\u0131 arama\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerine yer verilmi\u015ftir. Eski (29 Mart 2020 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne girmi\u015f olan) ve yeni d\u00fczenlemeler aras\u0131nda baz\u0131 n\u00fcanslar olsa da bu durumun pratikte bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yaratmayaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Zira yaln\u0131zca kavramlar de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f, uygulana gelen fiili \u00f6nleyen bir d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir kez daha \u00e7\u0131plak arama uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck, yasall\u0131k ve gereklilik ilkeleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak i\u015fkence uygulamas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmekte oldu\u011funu ifade etmeliyiz.
\nGerek eski gerekse de yeni d\u00fczenlemede yer verilen \u201cBeden \u00e7ukurlar\u0131ndaki arama, cezaevi tabibi taraf\u0131ndan yerine getirilir\u201d ibaresi ise hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde kabul edilemez. D\u00fcnya Tabipleri Birli\u011fi de en son 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilen \u2018Mahkumlarda Beden Aramalar\u0131yla ilgili A\u00e7\u0131klama\u2019 s\u0131nda \u201cBeden bo\u015flu\u011fu aramalar\u0131na hekim kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ancak istisnai durumlarda sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6yle durumlarda arama g\u00f6revi hekimin t\u0131bbi hizmet g\u00f6revinden ayr\u0131 tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d ifadesine yer verilmi\u015f, yan\u0131 s\u0131ra da \u201czorla araman\u0131n etik a\u00e7\u0131dan kabul edilemezli\u011fi\u201d a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 2 Ocak 2023 tarihinde yay\u0131nlanan, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n \u00f6zel af yetkisi kapsam\u0131ndaki \u201cS\u00fcrekli Hastal\u0131k, Sakatl\u0131k ve Kocama Sebebiyle Ki\u015filerin Cezalar\u0131n\u0131n Hafifletilmesi veya Kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda \u0130\u015flemler\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 genelgeye g\u00f6re Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bu durumdaki ki\u015filerin talebi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n re\u2019sen bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 yan\u0131 s\u0131ra h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn veya kanuni temsilcisinin talebinden vazge\u00e7mesi ya da Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan re\u2019sen ba\u015flat\u0131lan i\u015flemleri reddetmesi h\u00e2linde, cezalar\u0131n hafifletilmesi veya kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015flemleri s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilecektir. \u00c7ok nispi de olsa bu olumlu bir de\u011fi\u015fiklidir. Bununla birlikte ya\u015fam hakk\u0131 ihlali d\u00fczeyine ula\u015fan hasta mahpuslar\u0131n giderek daha da yo\u011funla\u015fan sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir zihniyet de\u011fi\u015fimi ile birlikte Ceza ve G\u00fcvenlik Tedbirlerinin \u0130nfaz\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanunu ve Ter\u00f6rle M\u00fccadele Kanunu ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere esasl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Zira, \u201ck\u0131sa s\u00fcreli \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl prognozu olanlar, cezaevi ko\u015fullar\u0131nda iyi bir \u015fekilde tedavi edilemeyecek ciddi bir hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunanlar, a\u011f\u0131r bir sakatl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanlar, ciddi mental hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanlar gibi s\u00fcrekli hapsedilmeye uygun olmayan ki\u015filer\u201d a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan uluslararas\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgesel insan haklar\u0131 organlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan son derece berrak kurallar ve i\u00e7tihat geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6zellikle \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl hastal\u0131\u011fa yakalanm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filer veya sa\u011fl\u0131k durumu s\u00fcrekli \u015fekilde hapishane ko\u015fullar\u0131 ile uyumsuz h\u00e2le gelmi\u015f ki\u015filerin al\u0131konulmaya devam ettirilmesi ayn\u0131 zamanda i\u015fkence yasa\u011f\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmektedir.
\n6) Uluslararas\u0131 \u00d6nleme Mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n Raporlar\u0131na Yans\u0131yan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u0130\u015fkence Ger\u00e7e\u011fi
\nYukar\u0131da s\u0131ralad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z veriler ile ifade etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin i\u015fkence ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi uluslararas\u0131 kurum, mekanizma ve organlar taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan raporlarda t\u00fcm \u00e7\u0131plakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile dile getirilmektedir. Ancak, anayasa ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere hi\u00e7bir yasa, kural ve normla kendini s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmak istemeyen siyasal iktidar, uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6nleme ve denetleme mekanizmalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan ele\u015ftiri ve uyar\u0131lar\u0131 dikkate almamaktad\u0131r.
\n\u202220-22 Eyl\u00fcl 2022 tarihlerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi toplant\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in Avrupa Konseyi (AK) Bakanlar Komitesi\u2019ne T\u0130HV, \u0130HD ve Haf\u0131za Merkezi olarak birlikte yap\u0131lan Kural 9.2 Bildirimi kapsam\u0131ndaki “Bat\u0131 ve Di\u011ferleri” dosyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc uluslararas\u0131 mekanizmalar\u0131n ele\u015ftiri ve uyar\u0131lar\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n \u00f6zel bir \u00f6rne\u011fini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leri taraf\u0131ndan 1993-2011 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda i\u015flenen \u00f6ld\u00fcrme, i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele ve orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanma eylemleriyle (yakalama, g\u00f6zalt\u0131 ve ifade i\u015flemleri ile bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l g\u00f6sterilere m\u00fcdahale s\u0131ras\u0131nda i\u015flenenler dahil) ilgili soru\u015fturmalar\u0131n, kovu\u015fturmalar\u0131n ve disiplin s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin etkisizli\u011fiyle ilgili verilen A\u0130HM kararlar\u0131n\u0131n (A\u0130HS 2. ve 3. maddelerinin usulden ihlal edildi\u011fine h\u00fckmedilen kararlar) i\u00e7 hukukta infaz\u0131 s\u00fcreci AK Bakanlar Komitesi taraf\u0131ndan denetlenmektedir. A\u0130HM taraf\u0131ndan 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda verilen ilk karar\u0131n \u00fczerinden 19 y\u0131l ge\u00e7mesine kar\u015f\u0131n siyasal iktidar taraf\u0131ndan hen\u00fcz somut bir ad\u0131m at\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in izleme s\u00fcreci halen devam etmektedir.
\n\u20221987 y\u0131l\u0131nda Avrupa \u0130\u015fkencenin ve \u0130nsanl\u0131k D\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya Onur K\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 Ceza veya Muamelenin \u00d6nlenmesi S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kapsam\u0131nda kurulan Avrupa \u0130\u015fkencenin \u00d6nlenmesi Komitesi (CPT), yarg\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131 proaktif bir mekanizma olarak Konsey \u00fcyesi \u00fclkelerde i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. CPT, \u00f6nlemeye y\u00f6nelik i\u015flevini iki t\u00fcr ziyaretle, d\u00fczenli ve \u00f6zel ama\u00e7l\u0131 (ad hoc) ziyaretlerle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmektedir. D\u00fczenli ziyaretler, \u00fcye devletlere belirli aral\u0131klarla yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zel ama\u00e7l\u0131 ziyaretler ise, Komite\u2019nin \u201cmevcut \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda gerek duydu\u011fu\u201d durumlarda d\u00fczenlenmektedir. CPT, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 her ziyaretten sonra i\u015fkence ve k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele konusundaki tespitlerini, tavsiyelerini ve di\u011fer \u00f6nerilerini i\u00e7eren bir rapor haz\u0131rlar. Komitenin ziyaret raporu ziyaret edilen devlet taraf\u0131ndan izin verilmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece gizlidir.
\nCPT, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye 29 A\u011fustos \u2013 6 Eyl\u00fcl 2016, 4 \u2013 13 Nisan 2018 ve 6 \u2013 17 May\u0131s 2019 tarihlerinde \u00fc\u00e7 kez \u201c\u00f6zel ama\u00e7l\u0131\/ad-hoc\u201d ziyaret ve 10 \u2013 23 May\u0131s 2017 ile 11 – 25 Ocak 2021 tarihlerinde ise iki ayr\u0131 \u201cperiyodik\/d\u00fczenli\u201d ziyaret ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.
\nBunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra CPT 3 Ekim 2022 tarihinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir a\u00e7\u0131klama ile 21-29 Eyl\u00fcl 2022 tarihlerinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye d\u00fczensiz bir ziyaret ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdiklerini ve bu kapsamda \u0130mral\u0131 F Tipi Y\u00fcksek G\u00fcvenlikli Hapishanesi\u2019ni de ziyaret ettiklerini duyurmu\u015ftur. Maalesef yetkililer taraf\u0131ndan bu ziyaret ile herhangi bir bilgi hen\u00fcz kamuoyu ile payla\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nCPT, bu ziyaretler s\u0131ras\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlem, tespit ve tavsiyelerini i\u00e7eren tamamlanm\u0131\u015f raporlardan 10 – 23 May\u0131s 2017 tarihli d\u00f6nemsel ziyareti ile 6 – 17 May\u0131s 2019 tarihli \u201c\u00f6zel ama\u00e7l\u0131\/ad-hoc\u201d ziyaretinin raporlar\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin izin vermesi \u00fczerine 5 A\u011fustos 2020 tarihinde yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yukar\u0131da aktar\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan verilere bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda yay\u0131nlanan her iki raporda da yer alan tavsiyelere esas olarak uyulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer \u00fc\u00e7 raporun yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131na (21 \u2013 29 Eyl\u00fcl 2022 tarihlerinde yap\u0131lan ziyaretin raporunun hen\u00fcz haz\u0131rlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131labilir) h\u00e2l\u00e2 izin verilmemesi ise siyasal iktidar\u0131n i\u015fkence konusundaki hassasiyetinin d\u00fczeyini g\u00f6stermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir.
\n\u0130\u015fkencenin \u00f6nlenmesi do\u011frultusunda devletlerin ciddiyet ve kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir g\u00f6stergesi olarak CPT\u2019nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ziyaretlerin ard\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan raporlar\u0131n otomatik olarak (devletin izin vermesi beklenmeden) yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren ve Avrupa Konseyi \u00fcyesi 12 devlet taraf\u0131ndan onaylanan yeni d\u00fczenlemeyi ise T\u00fcrkiye b\u0131rak\u0131n onaylamay\u0131 g\u00fcndemine bile almam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022Avrupa Parlamentosu\u2019nun 7 Haziran 2022 tarihinde tavsiye karar\u0131 niteli\u011finde kabul edilen 2021 y\u0131llar\u0131 i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye raporunda da i\u015fkencenin \u00f6nlenmesi konusunda benzer de\u011ferlendirme ve \u00f6nerilere yer verilmi\u015ftir.
\n\u2022Evrensel Periyodik \u0130nceleme Mekanizmas\u0131 (EP\u0130M), BM \u00dcyesi 193 \u00fclkede insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n durumunun periyodik olarak (be\u015f y\u0131lda bir) BM \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Konseyi (\u0130HK) b\u00fcnyesinde incelendi\u011fi\/g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irildi\u011fi halen en kapsaml\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 insan haklar\u0131 izleme mekanizmas\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bu kapsamdaki \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc tur incelemesi 28 – 30 Ocak 2020 tarihinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Periyodik inceleme kapsam\u0131nda BM \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Y\u00fcksek Komiserli\u011fi\u2019nce haz\u0131rlanan rapora dayal\u0131 olan konu ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131ndan biri de i\u015fkencedir. Raporda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki i\u015fkence ger\u00e7e\u011fi kapsaml\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, yap\u0131lan ele\u015ftiri ve tavsiyeler yetkililere iletilmi\u015ftir.
\n7) Ulusal \u00d6nleme Mekanizmas\u0131 \u0130\u015flevini Yerine Getirmeyen T\u00fcrkiye \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 ve E\u015fitlik Kurumu
\n\u0130\u015fkencenin \u00f6nlenmesinde etkili ve \u00f6nemli bir ara\u00e7 olan \u2018Ulusal \u00d6nleme Mekanizmas\u0131\u2019 n\u0131n i\u015flevlerini yerine getirmek \u00fczere yetkilendirilmi\u015f olan T\u00fcrkiye \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 ve E\u015fitlik Kurumu\u2019na (T\u0130HEK) y\u00f6nelik ele\u015ftirilerimizin gerek\u00e7elerinde 2023 y\u0131l\u0131 itibar\u0131yla da hi\u00e7bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n12 Aral\u0131k 2019 tarihinde yay\u0131nlanan Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u0130\u015fkenceye Kar\u015f\u0131 Alt Komite\u2019nin raporunda ve 28 – 30 Ocak 2020 tarihlerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Evrensel Periyodik \u0130nceleme kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ele\u015ftiri ve \u00f6nerilere kar\u015f\u0131n T\u0130HEK\u2019i OPCAT ve Paris Prensipleri ilkelerine uyumlu hale getirecek, yap\u0131sal, i\u015flevsel ve mali a\u00e7\u0131lardan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alacak hi\u00e7bir somut ad\u0131m at\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hatta \u00f6nceki y\u0131llarda yasas\u0131nda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle T\u0130HEK\u2019in y\u00fcr\u00fctme erkine olan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha da artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nKurulu\u015f yasas\u0131 yar\u0131nca OPCAT h\u00fck\u00fcmleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Ulusal \u00d6nleme Mekanizmas\u0131 (U\u00d6M) olarak g\u00f6rev yapmakla vazifelendirilen T\u0130HEK\u2019in yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ziyaret raporlar\u0131nda ise ilke ve y\u00f6ntem hatalar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. T\u0130HEK, 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda 69, 30 Nisan 2023 itibariyle ise 6 rapor yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu raporlar de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde al\u0131koyma yerlerine yap\u0131lan \u00f6nleyici ziyaretlerin, asgari standartlara sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ziyaretlerin yaln\u0131zca \u015fekli olarak yerine getirildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
\nOPCAT ilkelerine g\u00f6re U\u00d6M\u2019ler bir soru\u015fturma ya da yarg\u0131 organ\u0131 de\u011fildir. Oysa T\u0130HEK, bu ilkeye t\u00fcm\u00fcyle ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131lan ya da koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nan ki\u015filerin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fvurular\u0131 incelemek, ara\u015ft\u0131rmak, karara ba\u011flamak ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 takip etmek \u00fczere U\u00d6M kapsam\u0131nda ba\u015fvuru almakta ve karar vermektedir. Her ne kadar kurulu\u015f kanununun 17.\u2019inci maddesinde yarg\u0131 ve yasama yetkisinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin i\u015flemlerin ba\u015fvuru konusu olamayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015f olsa da T\u0130HEK i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele iddialar\u0131 ile ilgili bir t\u00fcr soru\u015fturma s\u00fcreci i\u015fleterek ve \u2018k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131 ihlalinin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019 \u015feklinde h\u00fck\u00fcm vererek adeta yarg\u0131 i\u015flevini \u00fcstlenmektedir. T\u0130HEK\u2019in 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu kapsamda yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 219 karardan sadece \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlali y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir. 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise 30 Nisan 2023 tarihi itibari ile yay\u0131mlanan ayn\u0131 kapsamda yap\u0131lan 93 ba\u015fvurudan hi\u00e7birinde \u201ck\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlali\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir karar verilmemi\u015ftir. Keza hapishanelerde giderek artan i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele uygulamalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin son derece ciddi iddialar\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde, T\u0130HEK taraf\u0131ndan 1 Ocak 2022 ile 30 Nisan 2023 tarihleri aras\u0131nda verilen 312 karardan sadece \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc \u2018k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlali\u2019 y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir. Kararlara konu olan ba\u015fvurulara ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirme ve karar s\u00fcre\u00e7leri, genellikle yaz\u0131\u015fma yoluyla ve dosya \u00fczerinden inceleme yap\u0131larak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u0130\u015fkence iddialar\u0131n\u0131n bu \u015fekilde soru\u015fturularak yarg\u0131 \u00fcretilmesi \u0130stanbul Protokol\u00fc (BM \u0130\u015fkence ve Di\u011fer Zalimane, \u0130nsanl\u0131k D\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya A\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 Muamele veya Cezalar\u0131n Etkili Bi\u00e7imde Soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve Belgelendirilmesi i\u00e7in El K\u0131lavuzu) ilkelerine t\u00fcm\u00fcyle ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131sacas\u0131 T\u0130HEK, b\u00f6ylesi bir soru\u015fturma ve yarg\u0131 i\u015flevi \u00fcstlenmekle cezas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yolunu a\u00e7makta, i\u015fkencenin \u00f6nlenmesi m\u00fccadelesine a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a zarar vermektedir.
\nKurumun, \u00f6zellikle 2015 y\u0131l\u0131 sonras\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de meydana gelen \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 ortam s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve askeri darbe te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fc sonras\u0131 ilan edilen OHAL d\u00f6neminde yayg\u0131n ve yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fanan insan haklar\u0131 ihlallerine kar\u015f\u0131 etkili bir izleme ve soru\u015fturma ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 da i\u015flevsizli\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ayr\u0131ca \u00f6nemli bir g\u00f6stergedir.
\n8) Cezas\u0131zl\u0131k K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc
\n\u0130\u015fkencenin \u00fclkemizde bu boyutta olmas\u0131n\u0131n en temel nedeni i\u015fkence yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n mutlak niteli\u011fi ile ba\u011fda\u015fmayan \u00e7ok ciddi bir cezas\u0131zl\u0131k k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesinde ve yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131nda birincil etken ise cezas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir devlet politikas\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u0131llard\u0131r her d\u00fczeyden devlet ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet yetkilisi, kolluk g\u00fc\u00e7leri taraf\u0131ndan uygulanan \u015fiddeti koruyan hatta te\u015fvik eden ve i\u015fkenceyi me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131ran s\u00f6ylem ve davran\u0131\u015flar i\u00e7inde olmu\u015ftur. Son d\u00f6nemlerde bu t\u00fcr s\u00f6ylem ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 daha da \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karan siyasi iktidar, ayn\u0131 zamanda mevzuatta yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenleme ve de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ile cezas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cg\u00fcvence\u201d alt\u0131na almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.
\nHal b\u00f6yle olunca, i\u015fkence yapan kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin ve i\u015fkence iddialar\u0131n\u0131n resen soru\u015fturulmamas\u0131, yap\u0131lan soru\u015fturmalar\u0131n etkin ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmamas\u0131, i\u015fkence yapan kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in izin sistemine ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131, ceza ertelemeleri, savc\u0131 ve yarg\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00f6znel ve tarafs\u0131zl\u0131ktan uzak zihniyet yap\u0131lar\u0131 gibi cezas\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7an nedenleri konu\u015fulamaz, tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lamaz hale gelmektedir. Aksine i\u015fkence ve k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele iddialar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getiren gazetecilere, avukatlara ve insan haklar\u0131 savunucular\u0131na adli soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturmalar a\u00e7\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
\n\u0130\u015fkence su\u00e7unun kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yasadaki mu\u011flakl\u0131k yerini korumaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fkence su\u00e7u nedeniyle yap\u0131lan su\u00e7 duyurusu ba\u015fvurular\u0131 ya \u00e7e\u015fitli gerek\u00e7eler ile takipsizlikle sonu\u00e7lanmakta ya da daha az cezay\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren ve zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na tabi olan \u2018basit yaralama\u2019, \u2018zor kullanma s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131\u2019 ya da \u2018g\u00f6revi k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma\u2019 su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan soru\u015fturulmaktad\u0131r.
\nBir kay\u0131p yak\u0131n\u0131 ve insan haklar\u0131 savunucusu Maside Ocak\u2019\u0131n i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131yla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bireysel ba\u015fvuru hakk\u0131nda 23 \u015eubat 2023 tarihli Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan AYM karar\u0131, i\u015fkence iddialar\u0131 ile ilgili soru\u015fturma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde ya\u015fanan sorunlar ve evrensel ilke ve standartlar ile uyumlu olmayan de\u011ferlendirmeler konusunda g\u00fcncel bir \u00f6rnektir. Cumartesi Annelerinin\/\u0130nsanlar\u0131n\u0131n 700. hafta bulu\u015fmas\u0131nda polisin fiziksel ve s\u00f6zel \u015fiddetine maruz kalan Maside Ocak\u2019\u0131n i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele iddialar\u0131n\u0131 kabul edilemez bulan AYM\u2019nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmeler \u0130stanbul Protokol\u00fc ilkelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi cezas\u0131zl\u0131kla m\u00fccadeleye de zarar verici niteliktedir.
\n\u00d6te yandan i\u015fkence yapan kolluk g\u00f6revlileri hakk\u0131nda bir \u015fik\u00e2yette bulunulmas\u0131, soru\u015fturma ya da dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde i\u015fkence g\u00f6renler hakk\u0131nda derhal \u201cmemura hakaret etmek, mukavemet etmek, bu s\u0131rada yaralamak, kamu mal\u0131na zarar vermek\u201d gibi gerek\u00e7elerle kar\u015f\u0131 davalar a\u00e7\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fkenceciler aleyhine a\u00e7\u0131lan davalar cezas\u0131z kal\u0131rken i\u015fkence g\u00f6renler aleyhine a\u00e7\u0131lan davalar k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede a\u011f\u0131r cezalar ile sonu\u00e7lanabilmektedir. Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n verilerine g\u00f6re 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u2018kamu g\u00f6revlisine direnme\u2019 su\u00e7unu olu\u015fturan TCK\u2019n\u0131n 265. Maddesinden 28.646 ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r . Buna kar\u015f\u0131n ayn\u0131 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde i\u015fkence su\u00e7unu d\u00fczenleyen TCK\u2019n\u0131n 94. Maddesinden sadece 130 ki\u015fiye kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015fkence ile kamu g\u00f6revlisine direnme su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lan davalar aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen bu denli y\u00fcksek fark sistematik bir politika olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen cezas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Vakf\u0131 \u0130zmir Temsilcili\u011fi
\n\u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Derne\u011fi \u0130zmir \u015eubesi”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130zmir Tabip Odas\u0131, Kamu Emek\u00e7ileri Sendikas\u0131 Konfederasyonu (KESK) \u0130zmir \u015eubeler Platformu, T\u00fcrkiye \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Vakf\u0131 (T\u0130HV), \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Hukuk\u00e7ular Derne\u011fi (\u00c7HD), Hak \u0130nisiyatifi Derne\u011fi, Halklar\u0131n K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc Derne\u011fi, \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Derne\u011fi (\u0130HD) \u0130zmir \u015eubesi, \u0130mece Dostluk ve Dayan\u0131\u015fma Derne\u011fi, \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u0130\u00e7in Hukuk\u00e7ular Derne\u011fi (\u00d6HD),\u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 G\u00fcndemi Derne\u011fi, \u201c26 Haziran \u0130\u015fkence G\u00f6renlerle Dayan\u0131\u015fma G\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d dolay\u0131s\u0131yla T\u00fcrkan Saylan K\u00fclt\u00fcr … <\/p>\n

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