{"id":1695,"date":"2020-06-27T01:40:12","date_gmt":"2020-06-26T22:40:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/izmir.imece-der.com\/?p=1695"},"modified":"2020-06-27T11:35:20","modified_gmt":"2020-06-27T08:35:20","slug":"izmirde-kitle-orgutleri-iskenceye-karsi-cezasizligin-ve-iskence-gorenlere-karsi-acilan-direnme-davalarinin-sistematik-bir-politika-olarak-surduruldugunu-acikladi-ve-iskenceye-karsi-mucadeleye-cagird","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.imece-der.com\/?p=1695","title":{"rendered":"\u0130zmir’de kitle \u00f6rg\u00fctleri i\u015fkenceye kar\u015f\u0131 cezas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve i\u015fkence g\u00f6renlere kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan direnme davalar\u0131n\u0131n sistematik bir politika olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131 ve i\u015fkenceye kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131."},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130zmir’de “26 haziran \u0130\u015fkence ile M\u00fccadele ve \u0130\u015fkence G\u00f6renlerle Dayan\u0131\u015fma G\u00fcn\u00fc”nde kitle \u00f6rg\u00fctleri, i\u015fkenceye kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapt\u0131. \u0130zmir Barosu, \u0130zmir Tabip Odas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Vakf\u0131 \u0130zmir Temsilcili\u011fi, \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Derne\u011fi \u0130zmir \u015eubesi, \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Hukuk\u00e7ular Derne\u011fi \u0130zmir \u015eubesi, \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u0130\u00e7in Hukuk\u00e7ular Derne\u011fi \u0130zmir \u015eubesi, \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 G\u00fcndemi Derne\u011fi, Hak \u0130nisiyatifi Derne\u011fi, \u0130mece Dostluk ve Dayan\u0131\u015fma Derne\u011fi ile Halklar Aras\u0131 Dayan\u0131\u015fma K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc Derne\u011fi T\u00fcrkan Saylan K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi \u00f6n\u00fcnde ortak bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 d\u00fczenledi. A\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye \u0130nsan haklar\u0131 Vakf\u0131’\u0131ndan Ayt\u00fcl U\u00e7ar yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131klama \u015f\u00f6yle;<\/p>\n

“\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

26 Haziran 2020 Tarihi \u0130tibar\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de De\u011fi\u015fik Boyutlar\u0131yla \u0130\u015fkence Ger\u00e7e\u011fi <\/p>\n

Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM) \u201c\u0130\u015fkence ve Di\u011fer Zalimane, \u0130nsanl\u0131k D\u0131\u015f\u0131 ya da Onur K\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 Muamele ya da Cezaya Kar\u015f\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u201d nin birinci maddesinin ilk f\u0131kras\u0131nda i\u015fkence tan\u0131m\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle yap\u0131l\u0131r: \u201c\u0130\u015fkence\u201d terimi, bir \u015fahsa veya bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fahsa, bu \u015fahs\u0131n veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fahs\u0131n i\u015fledi\u011fi veya i\u015fledi\u011finden \u015f\u00fcphe edilen bir fiil sebebiyle, cezaland\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla bilgi veya itiraf elde etmek i\u00e7in veya ayr\u0131m g\u00f6zeten herhangi bir sebep dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bir kamu g\u00f6revlisinin veya bu s\u0131fatla hareket eden bir ba\u015fka \u015fahs\u0131n te\u015fviki veya r\u0131zas\u0131 veya muvafakatiyle uygulanan fiziki veya manevi a\u011f\u0131r ac\u0131 veya \u0131zd\u0131rap veren bir fiil anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu yaln\u0131zca yasal m\u00fceyyidelerin uygulanmas\u0131ndan do\u011fan, tabiat\u0131nda olan veya ar\u0131zi olarak husule gelen ac\u0131 ve \u0131zd\u0131rab\u0131 i\u00e7ermez.\u201d A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki t\u00fcm de\u011ferlendirmeler bu tan\u0131m\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n 1) Resmi G\u00f6zalt\u0131 Yerlerinde \u0130\u015fkence ve Di\u011fer K\u00f6t\u00fc Muamele Uygulamalar\u0131: Son y\u0131llarda yasa, kural ve norm denetiminden ka\u00e7\u0131nma, keyfilik, bilin\u00e7li ihmal gibi sebeplerle usul g\u00fcvencelerinin ihlal edilmesi, g\u00f6zalt\u0131 s\u00fcrelerinin uzunlu\u011fu, izleme ve \u00f6nleme mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flevsiz k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131 ya da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z izleme ve \u00f6nlemenin hi\u00e7 olmamas\u0131 vb. nedenlerle resmi g\u00f6zalt\u0131 merkezlerinde i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele uygulamalar\u0131nda ciddi bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Son bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde \u00f6zellikle Urfa\u2019da, Ankara\u2019da birden \u00e7ok kez, Antalya\u2019da ya da \u0130stanbul\u2019da resmi g\u00f6zalt\u0131 merkezlerinde ya\u015fanan \u00e7ok say\u0131da kayg\u0131 verici i\u015fkence uygulamas\u0131 bas\u0131na, mahkeme tutanaklar\u0131na, insan haklar\u0131 kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n raporlar\u0131na yans\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n

\u2022 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u0130HV\u2019e i\u015fkence ve k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle 908 ki\u015fi ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur. Bu ki\u015filerden 51\u2019i ba\u015fvuru yak\u0131n\u0131d\u0131r, 19\u2019u ise T\u00fcrkiye d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele uygulamalar\u0131na maruz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de do\u011frudan i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in T\u0130HV\u2019e ba\u015fvuran 838 ki\u015fiden 379\u2019u (% 45,2) emniyet m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fckleri, 120\u2019si (% 14,3) ise polis karakolu gibi resmi g\u00f6zalt\u0131 merkezlerinde i\u015fkenceye maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015flerdir. Ayr\u0131ca 214 (% 25,5) ki\u015fi de kolluk g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin g\u00f6zalt\u0131 ve nakil ara\u00e7lar\u0131nda i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0130HD Dok\u00fcmantasyon Biriminin verilerine g\u00f6re ise 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda resmi g\u00f6zalt\u0131 yerlerinde 726 ki\u015finin i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlenmi\u015ftir.1 <\/p>\n

\u2022 T\u0130HV Dok\u00fcmantasyon Merkezinin verilerin g\u00f6re 2020 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk be\u015f ay\u0131nda resmi g\u00f6zalt\u0131 yerlerinde 107 ki\u015fi i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n

2) Resmi Olmayan G\u00f6zalt\u0131 Yerlerinde ve G\u00f6zalt\u0131 D\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Ortamlarda \u0130\u015fkence Ya Da Di\u011fer K\u00f6t\u00fc Muamele Uygulamalar\u0131: Kolluk g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l toplanma ve g\u00f6sterilere m\u00fcdahalesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, sokak ve a\u00e7\u0131k alanlarda ya da ev ve i\u015f yeri gibi mek\u00e2nlarda i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele uygulamalar\u0131nda da art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda ev bask\u0131nlar\u0131nda ve bu bask\u0131nlar s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00f6zalt\u0131 i\u015flemi hen\u00fcz ba\u015flamam\u0131\u015fken ya\u015fanan i\u015fkence uygulamalar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen oransal art\u0131\u015f ayr\u0131ca dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. <\/p>\n

\u2022 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u0130HV\u2019e ba\u015fvuranlardan 309\u2019u (% 36,9) a\u00e7\u0131k alan ve g\u00f6steri s\u0131ras\u0131nda, 170\u2019i (% 20,3) ise ev ve i\u015f yeri gibi mek\u00e2nlarda i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 beyan etmi\u015flerdir. <\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0130HD Dok\u00fcmantasyon Biriminin verilerine g\u00f6re ise 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda resmi olmayan g\u00f6zalt\u0131 yerlerinde ve g\u00f6zalt\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki yerlerde i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia eden ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131 1477\u2019dir. <\/p>\n

\u2022 T\u0130HV Dok\u00fcmantasyon Merkezinin verilerine g\u00f6re 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda kolluk g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin toplanma ve g\u00f6steri \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l eylem ve etkinliklere m\u00fcdahalesi sonucu 3741 ki\u015fi i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kalm\u0131\u015f, 69 ki\u015fi ise yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2020\u2019nin ilk be\u015f ay\u0131nda ise kolluk g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin m\u00fcdahalesi sonucu 754 ki\u015fi i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kalm\u0131\u015f 16 ki\u015fi ise yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yine ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde sokakta ve a\u00e7\u0131k alanda 65 ki\u015fi, ev ve i\u015fyeri bask\u0131nlar\u0131nda ise 17 ki\u015fi i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n

\u2022 Toplanma ve g\u00f6steri yapma hakk\u0131, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile birlikte, demokratik bir toplumun temelini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Maalesef son y\u0131llarda \u00fclkemizde bu hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 bir istisna, m\u00fcdahale ve yasaklamalar ise kural haline gelmi\u015ftir. Bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l toplanma ve g\u00f6steri yapma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanan ki\u015filere y\u00f6nelik i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele uygulamas\u0131 d\u00fczeyine ula\u015fan kolluk \u015fiddeti adeta normalle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.
\n2 Kolluk g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu evrensel hukukta ve \u00fclke yasalar\u0131nda ifade edilen zor kullanma yetkisinin \u00e7ok \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7en kural d\u0131\u015f\u0131, denetlenmeyen, cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmayan, siyasal iktidar taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6rmezden gelinen hatta te\u015fvik edilen bu \u015fiddet adeta toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n

3) Zorla Ka\u00e7\u0131rma\/Kaybetme Giri\u015fimleri: Yak\u0131n tarihimizin en utan\u00e7 verici insan haklar\u0131 ihlallerinden biri olan insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7 niteli\u011findeki zorla ka\u00e7\u0131rma\/kaybetme vakalar\u0131nda OHAL\u2019in ilan edildi\u011fi 2016 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana yeniden bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi son derece endi\u015fe vericidir. Bu durum BM Zorla veya \u0130raded\u0131\u015f\u0131 Kay\u0131plar \u00dczerine \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Grubu\u2019nun 31 Temmuz 2019 tarihli raporuna da yans\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu raporda altta yer verilen tablodan g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi gibi 2001 2015 aras\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fme e\u011filimi g\u00f6steren zorla kaybetme eylemleri 2016 y\u0131l\u0131 ile yeniden art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermektedir. <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

G\u00f6zalt\u0131nda zorla kaybetme eylemi anl\u0131k bir eylem de\u011fildir ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlukla i\u015fkencenin e\u015flik etti\u011fi belirli bir al\u0131koyma s\u00fcresini i\u00e7erir ve genellikle de \u00f6l\u00fcmle sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r. Bu nedenle \u00e7oklu ve ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k ihlallere yol a\u00e7ar. <\/p>\n

\u2022 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda 6\u2019s\u0131 \u015eubat ay\u0131nda, biri ise A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda olmak \u00fczere 7 zorla ka\u00e7\u0131rma\/kaybetme vakas\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir. 2019 \u015eubat ay\u0131ndan beri kay\u0131p olan 5 ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda \u0130HD taraf\u0131ndan \u2018BM Zorla veya \u0130rade D\u0131\u015f\u0131 Kaybetmeler \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Grubu\u2019na ba\u015fvuruda bulunulmu\u015ftur. Bu giri\u015fimden sonra d\u00f6rt ki\u015finin Temmuz 2019, bir ki\u015finin Ekim 2019, bir di\u011ferinin ise Kas\u0131m 2019\u2019da g\u00f6zalt\u0131nda olduklar\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenilmi\u015ftir. Halen tutuklu olan bu alt\u0131 ki\u015fiden biri yarg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 duru\u015fmada kendisinden haber al\u0131namayan d\u00f6nemde a\u011f\u0131r tehdit, i\u015fkence ve taciz alt\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n

\u2022 2019 A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda Ankara\u2019da ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lan\/kaybedilen bir ki\u015finin ak\u0131beti hakk\u0131nda, \u00fczerinden 10 ay ge\u00e7mesine kar\u015f\u0131n, halen haber al\u0131namamaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n

\u2022 Ayr\u0131ca, \u0130HD\u2019ye yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvurulara ve bas\u0131nda yer alan haberlere g\u00f6re, 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015fta \u0130stanbul, Ankara, Diyarbak\u0131r ve \u0130zmir olmak \u00fczere pek \u00e7ok ilde \u00fcniversite \u00f6\u011frencileri, gazeteciler ve politik aktivistler ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u00e7ok say\u0131da ki\u015finin kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131narak bask\u0131 ve tehdit y\u00f6ntemleriyle ajanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bunu kabul etmeyenlerden baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u201c\u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyeli\u011fi\u201d iddias\u0131yla tutukland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131larak bir s\u00fcre \u00e7e\u015fitli i\u015fkence ve k\u00f6t\u00fc muamelelere maruz kald\u0131ktan sonra serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n

\u2022 Ajanla\u015ft\u0131rma iddias\u0131yla \u0130HD\u2019ye 2019 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7inde toplam 71 ba\u015fvuru yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bas\u0131na yans\u0131yan haberlerde ise 66 vaka tespit edilmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece toplam 137 ki\u015fi bu tarz bir i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n

4) Hapishanelerde \u0130\u015fkence ve K\u00f6t\u00fc Muamele Siyasal iktidar\u0131n hukuku bir bask\u0131 ve sindirme arac\u0131 olarak kullanmas\u0131n\u0131n sonucunda bug\u00fcn hapishanelerde kapasitenin \u00e7ok \u00fczerinde tutuklu ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n hapishanelerde bulunan mahpus say\u0131s\u0131 maalesef tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 uzunca bir s\u00fcredir bu konuda sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 veri payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 yapmamaktad\u0131r. Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda cezaevlerinde bulunan tutuklu ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131 55.870 dir. Bu say\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye \u0130statistik Kurumu (T\u00dc\u0130K) verilerine g\u00f6re 31 Aral\u0131k 2018 tarihinde 264.842\u2019ye, Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Aral\u0131k 2019\u2019da B\u00fct\u00e7e g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda TBMM\u2019de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalara g\u00f6re de 294.000\u2019e y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ayn\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda hapishanelerde 11 bin civar\u0131nda kad\u0131n ve 3 bin 100 \u00e7ocuk tutuklu ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn bulundu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca 780 \u00e7ocuk da anneleri ile birlikte hapishanelerde kalmaktad\u0131r. Uzunca bir zamand\u0131r, h\u00fckmen tutuklular\u0131n, yani cezas\u0131 hen\u00fcz onanmam\u0131\u015f durumda olan ki\u015filerin, say\u0131s\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ise herhangi bir bilgi verilmemektedir. <\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi 14 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde hapishanelerde bulunan tutuklu ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k alt\u0131 misli artmas\u0131, son y\u0131llarda \u00fclkemizde insan haklar\u0131 konusunda ya\u015fanan geriye gidi\u015fin somut bir g\u00f6stergesi olmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Bu art\u0131\u015f T\u00dc\u0130K verilerine yans\u0131yan her y\u0131l hapishanelere giri\u015f ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f trafi\u011finde g\u00f6r\u00fclen yo\u011funluk ile birlikte d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde daha da vahim bir durum ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. T\u00dc\u0130K verilerine g\u00f6re 2018 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7inde ceza infaz kurumlar\u0131na 266 bin 889 ki\u015finin giri\u015f kayd\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131rken ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde 215 bin 170 ki\u015finin de \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f kayd\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca 31 Aral\u0131k 2019 tarihi itibariyle T\u00fcrkiye genelinde denetimli serbestlik kapsam\u0131nda 455.987 ki\u015fi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu say\u0131y\u0131 hapishanelerde bulunan tutuklu ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fclerin say\u0131s\u0131 ile toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinden mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yurtta\u015f say\u0131s\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 750 bine ula\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu da di\u011fer dolayl\u0131 g\u00f6zetim\/denetim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 bir yana b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda yakla\u015f\u0131k her y\u00fcz yurtta\u015ftan birinin do\u011frudan\/\u00e7\u0131plak g\u00f6zetim alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. <\/p>\n

Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re 1 Haziran 2020 tarihi itibari ile mevcut 367 ceza infaz kurumunun toplam kapasitesi 236.755 ki\u015filiktir. Covid – 19 salg\u0131n\u0131 vesilesiyle \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan \u20187242 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza ve G\u00fcvenlik Tedbirlerinin \u0130nfaz\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019dan yararlanan mahpus say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n her ne kadar 90 bin civar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu telaffuz edilmekteyse de yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikliklerden yararlananlar\u0131n net say\u0131s\u0131 yetkililer taraf\u0131ndan kamuoyu ile hen\u00fcz payla\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.3
\nBu nedenle halen hapishanelerde ciddi bir kapasite fazlas\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. <\/p>\n

Hapishanelerde kapasite fazlas\u0131 mahpusun bulunmas\u0131, yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa, suya, g\u0131daya eri\u015fim vb. sorunlar ile birlikte d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde evrensel normlar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele niteli\u011findedir. K\u00fcrt sorununda bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7ilmesi ve 2015 Temmuz\u2019unda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin yeniden \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131na girmesiyle ba\u015flayan, daha sonra askeri darbe giri\u015fiminin bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan OHAL ilan edilmesiyle devam ederek g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze varan s\u00fcre\u00e7te cezaevlerinde tutuklu ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fclere y\u00f6nelik i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele uygulamalar\u0131nda ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc d\u00fczeyde art\u0131\u015flar ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n

\u2022 T\u0130HV Dok\u00fcmantasyon Merkezinin verilerine g\u00f6re 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda hapishanelerde hastal\u0131k, intihar, \u015fiddet vb. \u00e7e\u015fitli gerek\u00e7elerle en az 44 ki\u015fi ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015ftir. Bu \u015f\u00fcpheli \u00f6l\u00fcmlere dair \u00e7e\u015fitli iddialar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ra\u011fmen etkin soru\u015fturma s\u00fcre\u00e7leri i\u015fletildi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir bilgi yetkililerce payla\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2020 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk be\u015f ay\u0131nda ise 4 ki\u015fi Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 nedeniyle, 1 ki\u015fi \u00f6l\u00fcm orucu eylemini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrken olmak \u00fczere en az 18 ki\u015fi ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n

\u2022 Verilen bir soru \u00f6nergesine cevaben 19 Haziran 2020 tarihinde Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamaya g\u00f6re 1 Ekim 2019 tarihinden bu yana 396 mahpus taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele ba\u015fvurusu yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0130HD Dok\u00fcmantasyon Biriminin verilerine g\u00f6re 2020 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk be\u015f ay\u0131nda i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilen ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131 439\u2019u Batman cezaevinde olmak \u00fczere en az 633\u2019d\u00fcr. <\/p>\n

\u2022 Hapishanelere giri\u015ften itibaren \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle (\u00e7\u0131plak arama, kelep\u00e7eli muayene, ayakta tekmil vererek say\u0131m vb.) uygulanan kaba dayak, her t\u00fcrden keyfi muamele ve keyfi disiplin cezalar\u0131, h\u00fccre cezalar\u0131, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve sevkler yak\u0131n tarihte g\u00f6r\u00fclmedik boyutlara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n

\u2022 Sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetine eri\u015fimin k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131, cezaevi reviri ziyaret hakk\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131, Adli T\u0131p Kurumu\u2019na, adliyeye ve hastaneye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrken kelep\u00e7e tak\u0131lmas\u0131 d\u00e2hil k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele uygulamalar\u0131, mahpuslar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n zaman\u0131nda ve etkili bir \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmemesi, uzun bir s\u00fcredir devam eden bir ba\u015fka sorun alan\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle son d\u00f6nemde tedavilerini zorlukla s\u00fcrd\u00fcren mahpuslar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun ba\u015fka cezaevlerine s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmesi sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetine eri\u015fim hakk\u0131na \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde zarar vermi\u015ftir. Bu uygulamalar Covid – 19 salg\u0131n\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131nda daha da artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n

\u2022 Cezaevleri ile ilgili bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli konu da hasta mahpuslard\u0131r. 31 Mart 2020 tarihli son \u0130HD verilerine g\u00f6re toplam 590\u2019\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r olmak \u00fczere 1564 hasta mahpus bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu ki\u015filerin kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fu sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetine yeterli eri\u015fim sa\u011flayamama, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve Nitelikli t\u0131bbi de\u011ferlendirme raporu alamama vb. ciddi sorunlar bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan Ceza ve G\u00fcvenlik Tedbirlerinin \u0130nfaz\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanunu\u2019nda 28 Haziran 2014 tarihli \u201ctoplum g\u00fcvenli\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan a\u011f\u0131r ve somut tehlike olu\u015fturmayaca\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilen\u201d \u015feklindeki de\u011fi\u015fiklikte yer alan \u201ctoplum g\u00fcvenli\u011fi\u201d ibaresi, hasta mahpuslar i\u00e7in \u201ckesin hayati tehlike te\u015fkil etti\u011fi\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcnde raporlar verilmi\u015f olsa bile, mahpuslar\u0131n sal\u0131nmalar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle keyfiyete ba\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n

\u2022 2000 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana uygulanmakta olan ve tutuklu ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fclerin fiziksel ve psikolojik b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fcklerinin ciddi \u015fekilde zarar g\u00f6rmesine neden olan tek ki\u015fi ya da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck grup izolasyon\/tecrit uygulamalar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemeyen kronik bir soruna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2018n\u0131n 10 tutuklu ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn haftada 10 saat bir araya gelerek sosyalle\u015fmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren 22 Ocak 2007 tarihli genelgesi (45\/1) y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olmakla birlikte uygulanmamaktad\u0131r. Bu sorun Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda cezaevlerinde al\u0131nan tedbirler ile daha da derinle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle bir kez daha Avrupa \u0130\u015fkencenin ve \u0130nsanl\u0131k D\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya Onur K\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 Ceza veya Muamelenin \u00d6nlenmesi Komitesi\u2019nin (CPT) \u201cTutukevlerindeki mahkumlar\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcn makul bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 (sekiz saat veya daha fazla) h\u00fccreleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, belirli amac\u0131 olan ve de\u011fi\u015fen faaliyetler yaparak ge\u00e7irmeleri hedeflenmelidir. Do\u011fal olarak, h\u00fck\u00fcm giymi\u015f mahkumlar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu kurumlardaki programlar daha da uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d \u015feklinde ifade edilen standart ilkesini hat\u0131rlatmakta yarar olacakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n

\u2022 Bug\u00fcn itibari ile i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z salg\u0131n s\u00fcrecinde en b\u00fcy\u00fck risk grubunu hapishanelerdeki mahpuslar olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Hapishaneler ki\u015fisel mesafenin en az ve hijyen imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n en s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011fu kapal\u0131 kurumlard\u0131r. Yo\u011fun ve hareketli n\u00fcfus, hapishanelerin \u00f6zellikleri ve organizasyonu bu t\u00fcr salg\u0131nlar\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a elveri\u015fli ortamlard\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Bu nedenle insan haklar\u0131 alan\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde otorite olan ki\u015fi ve kurulu\u015flar acil \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131klamalar yaparak devletleri\/h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri salg\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131nda hapishaneler i\u00e7in \u00e7ok daha \u00f6zel \u00f6nlemler almaya davet etmi\u015flerdir. 20 Mart 2020 tarihinde Avrupa \u0130\u015fkenceyi \u00d6nleme Komitesi (CPT) mahpuslara ili\u015fkin bir dizi ilkeler yay\u0131nlad\u0131. 25 Mart 2020 tarihinde BM \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Y\u00fcksek Komiseri ve 6 Nisan 2020 tarihinde de Avrupa Konseyi \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Komiseri birer \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulundular. Bu ilke ve \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131n ortak noktas\u0131 hapishanelerde bulunan mahpuslar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve salg\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye y\u00f6nelik al\u0131nacak \u00f6nlemlerin mevcut \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri k\u0131s\u0131tlayacak nitelikte olmamas\u0131 idi. Di\u011fer yandan BM \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Komiseri Michelle Bachelet yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da \u201cH\u00fck\u00fcmetler \u015fimdi siyasi mahpuslar ve sadece ele\u015ftirel veya muhalif g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini ifade etti\u011fi i\u00e7in al\u0131konulanlar da dahil olmak \u00fczere yeterli yasal dayanak olmadan al\u0131konulan herkesi serbest b\u0131rakmal\u0131\u201d diyerek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli yol g\u00f6sterici bir talepte bulundu. Yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, COVID-19\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6zellikle savunmas\u0131z olanlar\u0131n, ya\u015fl\u0131 ve a\u011f\u0131r hasta mahpuslar\u0131n da ivedilikle sal\u0131verilmesi gerekenler listesinde yer almas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtti. Michelle Bachelet ayr\u0131ca \u201cBir sa\u011fl\u0131k krizinde al\u0131nan \u00f6nlemler, al\u0131konulan ki\u015filerin yeterli yiyecek ve su haklar\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere temel haklar\u0131n\u0131 zay\u0131flatmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bir avukata ve doktora eri\u015fim de dahil olmak \u00fczere, al\u0131konulan ki\u015filere y\u00f6nelik k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlemlere de tam olarak uyulmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d uyar\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu. <\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 standart ve normlara g\u00f6nderme yapan t\u00fcm bu ilke ve \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131n Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nlemler kapsam\u0131nda mahpuslar\u0131n aileleriyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme hakk\u0131 tamamen ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, avukat g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri k\u0131s\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hapishanelerden k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 olarak edinilen bilgi ve \u015fikayetler BM \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Komiseri Michelle Bachelet\u2019nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 uyar\u0131lar ile birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde salg\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131nda mahpuslar\u0131n, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa, yiyecek ve suya, hijyen malzemelerine eri\u015fimde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 ihlallerin k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yine yukar\u0131da de\u011finilen ilke ve a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n aksine \u20187242 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza ve G\u00fcvenlik Tedbirlerinin \u0130nfaz\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019da yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikten sadece ele\u015ftirel veya muhalif g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini ifade edenler de dahil olmak \u00fczere yeterli yasal dayanak olmadan al\u0131konulan gazeteciler, akademisyenler, insan haklar\u0131 savunucular\u0131, avukatlar ve se\u00e7ilmi\u015f siyasiler yararlanamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Zaman zaman Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar yapsa da, Covid – 19 salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n hapishanelerde ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 boyuta, toplam vaka ve \u00f6l\u00fcm say\u0131s\u0131na, bu say\u0131lar\u0131n hapishanelere da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na dair maalesef g\u00fcvenilir ve tatmin edici bilgi edinilememektedir. <\/p>\n

\u2022 Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 17 Haziran 2020 tarihinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 duyuruya g\u00f6re hapishanelerde Covid -19 pozitif tan\u0131s\u0131 konulup iyile\u015fen tutuklu\/h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131 374\u2019t\u00fcr. Toplam 6 h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcncel olarak 72 Covid \u2013 19 vakas\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Hapishanelerde her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn daha da artan insan haklar\u0131 ihlalleri de dahil \u00e7e\u015fitli gerek\u00e7eler ile 8 Kas\u0131m 2018 tarihinden bu yana ya\u015fanan a\u00e7l\u0131k grevleri \u00fclkenin \u00f6zel bir g\u00fcndemi haline gelmi\u015ftir. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n a\u00e7l\u0131k grevi yaparak ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymak zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131n sorumlusu esas olarak \u00fclkeyi y\u00f6netenlerdir. A\u00e7l\u0131k grevlerinin insan\u0131 ve ya\u015fam\u0131 esas alan bir \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 son derece m\u00fcmk\u00fcn iken, siyasi iktidar\u0131n en hafif deyimi ile duyars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sonucu, insanlar\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 yitirmesi toplum vicdan\u0131nda onulmaz yaralara a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n

a. \u0130mral\u0131 Hapishanesi\u2019nde Abdullah \u00d6calan ve di\u011fer 3 mahpus \u00fczerindeki, i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele uygulamas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelen, tecridin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131 ile 8 Kas\u0131m 2018 tarihinde Leyla G\u00fcven taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015flat\u0131lan ve 90 hapishanede 3065 ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen s\u00fcresiz ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcms\u00fcz a\u00e7l\u0131k grevleri \u0130mral\u0131 Hapishanesi\u2019ndeki mahpuslar\u0131n aile ve avukatlar\u0131 ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinin ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucu 26 May\u0131s 2019 tarihinde sonland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n

b. \u00d6zg\u00fcrce m\u00fczik yapabilmek ve adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 i\u00e7in 17 May\u0131s 2019 tarihinde Grup Yorum \u00fcyelerinin ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131, cezaevinden sal\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra da s\u00fcrd\u00fckleri a\u00e7l\u0131k grevleri sonucu Helin B\u00f6lek, 3 Nisan 2020 tarihinde (a\u00e7l\u0131k grevinin 288. g\u00fcn\u00fcnde), \u0130brahim G\u00f6k\u00e7ek ise 7 May\u0131s 2019 tarihinde (a\u00e7l\u0131k grevinin 323. G\u00fcn\u00fcnde) ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 yitirdiler. Adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131, keyfi ve yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 bask\u0131 ve yasaklar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesini de i\u00e7eren temel haklar\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla 3 Temmuz 2019 tarihinde a\u00e7l\u0131k grevine ba\u015flayan Mustafa Ko\u00e7ak 24 Nisan 2010 tarihinde (a\u00e7l\u0131k grevinin 297. g\u00fcn\u00fcnde) ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi. <\/p>\n

c. Adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131, keyfi ve yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 bask\u0131 ve yasaklar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesini de i\u00e7eren temel haklar\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Hukuk\u00e7ular Derne\u011fi (\u00c7HD) \u00fcyesi avukatlar\u0131n 3 \u015eubat 2020 tarihinde ba\u015flatt\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7l\u0131k grevleri ise halen s\u00fcrmektedir. Yak\u0131n zamanda ya\u015fanan \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin ac\u0131s\u0131 halen s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korurken hak temelli taleplerle a\u00e7l\u0131k grevi yapmakta olan avukatlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k durumlar\u0131nda kal\u0131c\u0131 zararlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmadan insan\u0131 ve ya\u015fam\u0131 esas alan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00e7abalar artt\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n

d. Y\u0131l i\u00e7inde insan haklar\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nabilecek farkl\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc talepleriyle, \u00e7e\u015fitli cezaevlerinde farkl\u0131 s\u00fcrelerde a\u00e7l\u0131k grevlerine ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 da cezvelerindeki sorunlar\u0131n mahpuslar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ne denli dayan\u0131lmaz hale geldi\u011finin bir g\u00f6stergesidir. <\/p>\n

e. A\u00e7l\u0131k grevini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekte olan mahpuslara, ki\u015finin onay\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 halde \u201czorla m\u00fcdahale ya da m\u00fcdahale giri\u015fimleri\u201d t\u00fcm uluslararas\u0131 belgelerde belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere t\u0131bbi etik ilkelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir uygulamad\u0131r ve i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele niteli\u011findedir. <\/p>\n

Ancak Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sa\u011fl\u0131k Hizmetleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan Kamu Hastaneleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilen \u201c\u00d6l\u00fcm Orucu ve S\u00fcresiz A\u00e7l\u0131k Grevi Eylemleri\u201d konulu 22.05.2020 tarih ve 14500235\/419 say\u0131l\u0131 yaz\u0131da ki\u015filerin isteklerine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n tedavi ve beslenme gibi tedbirlerin hayatlar\u0131 i\u00e7in tehlike olu\u015fturmamak \u015fart\u0131yla uygulanabilece\u011fi belirtilmektedir. Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7l\u0131k grevi yapan mahpuslara y\u00f6nelik bu kayg\u0131 verici yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 kesinlikle kabul edilemez. Daha vahimi ise \u201czorla m\u00fcdahale\u201d gerek\u00e7elendirilirken hukuk ve t\u0131bbi etik ilkelerinin pervas\u0131z bir keyfilikle yorumlanmas\u0131, \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu yaz\u0131da, Biyoloji ve T\u0131bb\u0131n Uygulanmas\u0131 Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 ve \u0130nsan Haysiyetinin Korunmas\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin \u201cbilgilendirilmi\u015f onam\u201d kural\u0131n\u0131 tarif eden 5. maddesi zorla m\u00fcdahaleye dayanak olarak g\u00f6sterilmektedir. Keza uluslararas\u0131 hukukta hasta haklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen \u00f6nc\u00fc ve referans belgeler olarak kabul edilen D\u00fcnya Tabipler Birli\u011finin Malta, Tokyo ve Lizbon Bildirgeleri uluslararas\u0131 antla\u015fma niteli\u011finde olmad\u0131klar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle de\u011fersizle\u015ftirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n

5) Mevzuatta \u0130\u015fkence ve Di\u011fer K\u00f6t\u00fc Muamele Yasa\u011f\u0131 ve Usul G\u00fcvenceleri: 2005 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana de\u011fi\u015fik d\u00f6nemlerde mevzuatta i\u015fkence yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n mutlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zedeleyecek pek \u00e7ok olumsuz d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lagelmi\u015ftir. 2015 Temmuz ile ba\u015flayan s\u00fcre\u00e7le birlikte, bilhassa da OHAL d\u00f6neminde, bu mevzuat de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri sistematik bir hal alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m OHAL uygulamas\u0131na son verildikten sonra dahi s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. <\/p>\n

\u2022 14 Temmuz 2016 tarihinde \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 6722 say\u0131l\u0131 kanuna g\u00f6re operasyonlara kat\u0131lan askeri personelin i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele iddialar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 \u00f6zel izin prosed\u00fcr\u00fcne tabi k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, geriye d\u00f6n\u00fck olarak cezas\u0131zl\u0131k z\u0131rh\u0131 tesis edilmi\u015ftir. Keza OHAL Kararnamesi ile OHAL ile ilgili i\u015flerde karar veren ve g\u00f6rev alan ki\u015filerin bu g\u00f6revleri nedeniyle hukuki, idari, mali ve cezai sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131n olmayaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f, mutlak dokunulmazl\u0131k getirilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0130\u015fkencenin \u00f6nlenmesinde \u00f6nemli bir rol\u00fc olan ancak y\u0131llard\u0131r uygulamada b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ihmal edilen ki\u015fiye g\u00f6zalt\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgilendirme, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraflara bilgi verme, avukata eri\u015fim, hekime eri\u015fim, uygun ortamlarda uygun muayenelerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi ve usul\u00fcne uygun raporlar\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesi, hukukilik denetimi i\u00e7in s\u00fcratle yarg\u0131sal makama ba\u015fvurulabilme, g\u00f6zalt\u0131 kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcn tutulmas\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z izlemelerin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmas\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131nda toplanabilecek usul g\u00fcvenceleri, OHAL s\u00fcrecinde KHK\u2019lar ile yap\u0131lan yasal d\u00fczenlemeler sonucu \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tahrip olmu\u015ftur. Bu tahribat\u0131n etkileri bug\u00fcn de devam etmektedir. <\/p>\n

\u2022 Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin 29 Kas\u0131m 2019 tarihli Resmi Gazetede yay\u0131nlanan 24 Temmuz 2019 tarihli 2018\/73 E, 2019\/65 K say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile OHAL d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131lan daha sonra kal\u0131c\u0131 hale getirilen olumsuz d\u00fczenlemelerden sadece tutuklular\u0131n avukatlar ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerindeki kimi k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen maddelere dair iptal karar\u0131 vermi\u015f, di\u011ferlerinin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini ise korumu\u015ftur. Bu karar ile tutuklular\u0131n avukatlar\u0131 ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerine Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131s\u0131\u2019n\u0131n karar\u0131yla k\u0131s\u0131tlama getirilebilece\u011fi d\u00fczenlemelerden olan 5275 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130nfaz Kanunu\u2019nun 59. maddesinin (5) ve (10) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen, \u201cG\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin teknik cihazla sesli veya g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fc olarak kaydedilmesi, tutuklu ile avukat\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri izlemek amac\u0131yla g\u00f6revli bulundurulmas\u0131, tutuklunun avukat\u0131na veya avukat\u0131n tutukluya verdi\u011fi belge veya belge \u00f6rnekleri, dosyalar ve aralar\u0131ndaki konu\u015fmalara ili\u015fkin tuttuklar\u0131 kay\u0131tlara el konulmas\u0131\u201d h\u00fck\u00fcmleri iptal edilmi\u015ftir. Anayasa Mahkemesinin bu karar\u0131ndan sadece d\u00f6rt ay sonra 29 Mart 2020 tarihli Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131nlanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren \u2018Ceza \u0130nfaz Kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n Y\u00f6netimi ile Ceza ve G\u00fcvenlik Tedbirlerinin \u0130nfaz\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Y\u00f6netmelik\u2019 te iptal edilen t\u00fcm maddelere nerede ise ayn\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerle yer verilmi\u015ftir. Mevzuat d\u00fczenlemelerindeki hukuk d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m ve keyfiyetin bir g\u00f6stergesi olan bu k\u0131sa \u00f6yk\u00fc, ayn\u0131 zamanda hukuka sayg\u0131da ve de\u011ferlerde ya\u015fanan tahribat\u0131n ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 boyutu da ortaya koymaktad\u0131r <\/p>\n

\u2022 Covid-19 k\u00fcresel salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehdit \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclerek h\u0131zla TBMM\u2019den ge\u00e7irilen ve 15 Nisan 2020 tarihinde Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131nlanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren, \u201c7242 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza ve G\u00fcvenlik Tedbirlerinin \u0130nfaz\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun ile Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yapan Kanun\u201d ile ba\u015fta i\u015fkence yasa\u011f\u0131 ihlali olmak \u00fczere \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan haklar\u0131 ihlalinin cezas\u0131z kalmas\u0131n\u0131n yolu a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu. <\/p>\n

D\u00fczenlemede \u201ckasten \u00f6ld\u00fcrme ve i\u015fkence\u201d su\u00e7u kapsam d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131lmakla birlikte \u201ckasten yaralama sonucunda \u00f6l\u00fcme sebebiyet verme\u201d ve \u201ctaksirle \u00f6l\u00fcme sebebiyet verme\u2019\u201d su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan h\u00fck\u00fcm giyenlerin ko\u015fullu sal\u0131verme oranlar\u0131 indirilmi\u015f ve denetimli serbestlik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden kolayl\u0131kla yararlanmalar\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ise, hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bi\u00e7imde g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanarak ya\u015fama hakk\u0131 ihlaline yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fcm giyen veya giyme ihtimali olan \u00e7ok say\u0131da kolluk g\u00f6revlisinin k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kavu\u015fmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor. Uygulamada cezas\u0131zl\u0131k sistemati\u011finin bir sonucu olarak i\u015fkence su\u00e7u i\u015fleyen kolluk g\u00f6revlileri hakk\u0131nda genellikle daha hafif ceza gerektiren \u201ckasten yaralama\u201d su\u00e7undan dava a\u00e7\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu d\u00fczenleme ile i\u015fkence su\u00e7u da kapsam d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve b\u00f6ylelikle cezas\u0131zl\u0131k iyice peki\u015ftirilmi\u015f olmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n

\u2022 2020 Ocak ay\u0131nda TBMM g\u00fcndemine getirilen ve halen TBMM Genel Kurulu\u2019nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesine devam edilmekte olan \u201c\u00c7ar\u015f\u0131 ve Mahalle Bek\u00e7ileri Kanunu\u201d teklifinde \u201cbek\u00e7ilerin zor ve silah kullanma yetkisine sahip olaca\u011f\u0131, kamu d\u00fczenini bozacak mahiyetteki g\u00f6steri, y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f ve kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi amac\u0131yla genel kolluk kuvvetleri gelinceye kadar \u00f6nleyici tedbirleri alabilece\u011fi, makul bir gerek\u00e7eyle durdurma yetkisini kullanabilece\u011fi, kimlik veya di\u011fer belgeleri isteyebilece\u011fi, ki\u015finin \u015f\u00fcphe uyand\u0131rmas\u0131 durumunda \u00fcst aramas\u0131 yapabilece\u011fi, ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilece\u011fi\u201d yer almaktad\u0131r. 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda Polis Vazife ve Salahiyet Kanunu\u2019nda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler sonucunda ya\u015fanan \u201cya\u015fam hakk\u0131\u201d ve \u201cki\u015fi g\u00fcvenli\u011fi\u201d ihlalleri bu yasa teklifinin kabul\u00fcyle daha da yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131p artacakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n

6) Uluslararas\u0131 \u00d6nleme Mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n Raporlar\u0131na Yans\u0131yan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u0130\u015fkence Ger\u00e7e\u011fi: Yukar\u0131da s\u0131ralad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z veriler ile ifade etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin i\u015fkence ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi uluslararas\u0131 mekanizma ve organlar taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan raporlarda t\u00fcm \u00e7\u0131plakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile dile getirilmektedir. Ancak, Anayasa ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere hi\u00e7bir yasa, kural ve normla kendini s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmak istemeyen siyasal iktidar, uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6nleme ve denetleme mekanizmalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan ele\u015ftiri ve uyar\u0131lar\u0131 dikkate almamaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n

\u2022 1987 y\u0131l\u0131nda Avrupa \u0130\u015fkencenin ve \u0130nsanl\u0131k D\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya Onur K\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 Ceza veya Muamelenin \u00d6nlenmesi S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kapsam\u0131nda kurulan Avrupa \u0130\u015fkencenin \u00d6nlenmesi Komitesi (CPT), yarg\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131 proaktif bir mekanizma olarak s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye taraf olan \u00fclkelerde i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. CPT, \u00f6nlemeye y\u00f6nelik i\u015flevini iki t\u00fcr ziyaretle, d\u00fczenli ve \u00f6zel ama\u00e7l\u0131 (ad hoc) ziyaretlerle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmektedir. D\u00fczenli ziyaretler, \u00fcye devletlere belirli aral\u0131klarla yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zel ama\u00e7l\u0131 ziyaretler ise, Komite\u2019nin \u201cmevcut \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda gerek duydu\u011fu\u201d durumlarda d\u00fczenlenmektedir. CPT, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 her ziyaretten sonra i\u015fkence ve k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele konusundaki tespitlerini, tavsiyelerini ve di\u011fer \u00f6nerilerini i\u00e7eren bir rapor haz\u0131rlar. Komitenin ziyaret raporu ziyaret edilen devlet taraf\u0131ndan izin verilmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece gizlidir. <\/p>\n

CPT, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye 29 A\u011fustos – 6 Eyl\u00fcl 2016, 4 – 13 Nisan 2018 ve 6 – 17 May\u0131s 2019 tarihlerinde \u00fc\u00e7 kez \u201c\u00f6zel ama\u00e7l\u0131\/ad-hoc\u201d ziyaret ve 10 – 23 May\u0131s 2017 tarihlerinde ise bir kez \u201cperiyodik\/d\u00fczenli\u201d ziyaret ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Bu ziyaretler s\u0131ras\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlem, tespit ve tavsiyelerini i\u00e7eren raporun a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131na maalesef T\u00fcrkiye Devleti hala izin vermemi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015fkencenin \u00f6nlenmesi do\u011frultusunda devletlerin ciddiyet ve kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir g\u00f6stergesi olarak CPT\u2019nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ziyaretlerin ard\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan raporlar\u0131n otomatik olarak (devletin izin vermesi beklenmeden) yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren ve pek \u00e7ok devlet taraf\u0131ndan onaylanan yeni d\u00fczenlemeyi ise T\u00fcrkiye b\u0131rak\u0131n onaylamay\u0131 g\u00fcndemine bile almam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n

\u2022 BM \u0130\u015fkence \u00d6zel Raport\u00f6r\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye ziyaretlerine dayal\u0131 olarak haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 18 Aral\u0131k 2017 tarihli raporunda, duydu\u011fu kayg\u0131y\u0131 dile getirerek i\u015fkencenin \u00f6nlenmesi amac\u0131yla 31 somut \u00f6neride bulunmu\u015ftur. <\/p>\n

\u2022 Bu rapor ile yetinmeyen BM \u0130\u015fkence \u00d6zel Raport\u00f6r\u00fc 27 \u015eubat 2018 tarihinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki i\u015fkence ger\u00e7ekli\u011fine dair derin kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bir kez daha dile getirmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n

\u2022 Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Avrupa Komisyonu taraf\u0131ndan 29 May\u0131s 2019 tarihlerinde yay\u0131nlanan T\u00fcrkiye Raporu\u2019nda i\u015fkence ger\u00e7e\u011fi kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ifade edilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n

\u2022 BM \u0130\u015fkenceye Kar\u015f\u0131 Alt Komitesi (SPT) 5-9 Ekim 2015 tarihlerinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ziyaretler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Alt Komitenin bu ziyaretlere dayal\u0131 olarak haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rapor, T\u00fcrkiye devletinin tam d\u00f6rt y\u0131l sonra izin vermesi sonucu 12 Aral\u0131k 2019 tarihinde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kurumlar\u0131m\u0131z taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele konusunda \u0131srarla dile getirilen pek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli tespit ve \u00f6nerinin de bu raporda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Maalesef T\u00fcrkiye, BM \u2018\u0130\u015fkenceye Kar\u015f\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin taraf\u0131 olarak otorite ve yetkisini kabul etti\u011fi Alt Komite\u2019nin bu \u00f6nerilerinin gereklerini d\u00f6rt y\u0131ld\u0131r hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde yerine getirmemi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n

\u2022 Evrensel Periyodik \u0130nceleme Mekanizmas\u0131 (EP\u0130M), BM \u00dcyesi 193 \u00fclkede insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n durumunun periyodik olarak (be\u015f y\u0131lda bir) BM \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Konseyi (\u0130HK) b\u00fcnyesinde incelendi\u011fi\/g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irildi\u011fi, halen en kapsaml\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 insan haklar\u0131 izleme mekanizmas\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik olarak 2010 ve 2015 y\u0131llar\u0131nda olmak \u00fczere iki kez EP\u0130M incelemesi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 3. Periyodik \u0130nceleme ise 2020 Ocak ay\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bu inceleme kapsam\u0131nda BM \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Y\u00fcksek Komiserli\u011fi\u2019nce haz\u0131rlanan raporun konu ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131ndan biri de i\u015fkencedir. Raporda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki i\u015fkence ger\u00e7e\u011fi kapsaml\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, yap\u0131lan ele\u015ftiri ve tavsiyeler yetkililere iletilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n

7) Ulusal \u00d6nleme Mekanizmas\u0131 \u0130\u015flevini Yerine Getirmeyen T\u00fcrkiye \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 ve E\u015fitlik Kurumu: \u0130\u015fkencenin \u00f6nlenmesinde etkili ve \u00f6nemli bir ara\u00e7 olan \u2018Ulusal \u00d6nleme Mekanizmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n i\u015flevlerini yerine getirmek \u00fczere yetkilendirilmi\u015f olan T\u00fcrkiye \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 ve E\u015fitlik Kurumu\u2019na (T\u0130HEK) y\u00f6nelik ele\u015ftirilerimizin zeminini olu\u015fturan sorunlarda 2019 y\u0131l\u0131 itibar\u0131yla da hi\u00e7bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yap\u0131sal, i\u015flevsel ve mali a\u00e7\u0131lardan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmayan T\u0130HEK\u2019i OPCAT ve Paris Prensipleri ilkelerine uyumlu hale getirecek hi\u00e7bir ad\u0131m at\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Kurumun yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ziyaret raporlar\u0131nda ise ilke ve y\u00f6ntem hatalar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan raporlar de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde al\u0131koyma yerlerine yap\u0131lan \u00f6nleyici ziyaretlerin, asgari standartlara sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ziyaretlerin yaln\u0131zca \u015fekli olarak yerine getirildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kurumun, \u00f6zellikle 2015 y\u0131l\u0131 sonras\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de meydana gelen \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 ortam s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve askeri darbe te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fc sonras\u0131 ilan edilen OHAL d\u00f6neminde yayg\u0131n ve yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fanan insan haklar\u0131 ihlallerine kar\u015f\u0131 etkili bir izleme ve soru\u015fturma ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 da i\u015flevsizli\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir g\u00f6stergedir. <\/p>\n

\u0130\u015flevsizli\u011fe dair bir ba\u015fka \u00f6nemli g\u00f6sterge ise Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde, Kurumun web sitesine BM organlar\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131ndan \u00f6zetler koymak d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, salg\u0131n nedeniyle son derece b\u00fcy\u00fck riskler bar\u0131nd\u0131ran cezaevlerine ve di\u011fer al\u0131konulma mekanlar\u0131na dair somut olarak hi\u00e7bir giri\u015fimde bulunmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n

24 Eyl\u00fcl 2019 tarihinde Ankara’da BM \u0130\u015fkenceye Kar\u015f\u0131 Komite Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Jens Modvig\u2019in ve BM \u0130\u015fkenceye Kar\u015f\u0131 Alt Komitesinin Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Nora Sveaas’\u0131n da kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ile bir toplant\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu toplant\u0131da herkesin tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye’de Ulusal \u00d6nleme Mekanizmas\u0131 olarak atanan T\u0130HEK’in gerek yap\u0131sal gerek i\u015flevsel olarak OPCAT ilkelerine hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde uyumlu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve t\u00fcm\u00fcyle i\u015flevsiz oldu\u011fu bir kez daha g\u00f6zlenmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n

8) Cezas\u0131zl\u0131k K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc: <\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0130\u015fkencenin \u00fclkemizde bu boyutta olmas\u0131n\u0131n en temel nedeni i\u015fkence yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n mutlak niteli\u011fi ile ba\u011fda\u015fmayan \u00e7ok ciddi bir cezas\u0131zl\u0131k k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesinde ve yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131nda birincil etken ise cezas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir devlet politikas\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u0131llard\u0131r her d\u00fczeyden devlet ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet yetkilisi, kolluk g\u00fc\u00e7leri taraf\u0131ndan uygulanan \u015fiddeti koruyan hatta te\u015fvik eden ve i\u015fkenceyi me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131ran s\u00f6ylem ve davran\u0131\u015flar i\u00e7inde olmu\u015ftur. Son d\u00f6nemlerde bu t\u00fcr s\u00f6ylem ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 daha da \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karan siyasi iktidar, ayn\u0131 zamanda mevzuatta yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenleme ve de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ile cezas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cg\u00fcvence\u201d alt\u0131na almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n

\u2022 Hal b\u00f6yle olunca, i\u015fkence yapan kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin ve i\u015fkence iddialar\u0131n\u0131n resen soru\u015fturulmamas\u0131, yap\u0131lan soru\u015fturmalar\u0131n etkin ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmamas\u0131, i\u015fkence yapan kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in izin sistemine ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131, ceza ertelemeleri, savc\u0131 ve yarg\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00f6znel ve tarafs\u0131zl\u0131ktan uzak zihniyet yap\u0131lar\u0131 gibi cezas\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7an nedenleri konu\u015fulamaz, tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lamaz hale gelmektedir. <\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0130\u015fkence su\u00e7unun kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yasadaki mu\u011flakl\u0131k yerini korumaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fkence su\u00e7u nedeniyle yap\u0131lan su\u00e7 duyurusu ba\u015fvurular\u0131 ya \u00e7e\u015fitli gerek\u00e7eler ile takipsizlikle sonu\u00e7lanmakta ya da daha az cezay\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren ve zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na tabi olan \u2018basit yaralama\u2019, \u2018zor kullanma s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131\u2019 ya da \u2018g\u00f6revi k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma\u2019 su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan soru\u015fturulmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n

\u2022 \u00d6te yandan i\u015fkence yapan kolluk g\u00f6revlileri hakk\u0131nda bir \u015fik\u00e2yette bulunulmas\u0131, soru\u015fturma ya da dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde i\u015fkence g\u00f6renler hakk\u0131nda derhal \u201cmemura hakaret etmek, mukavemet etmek, bu s\u0131rada yaralamak, kamu mal\u0131na zarar vermek\u201d gibi gerek\u00e7elerle kar\u015f\u0131 davalar a\u00e7\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fkenceciler aleyhine a\u00e7\u0131lan davalar cezas\u0131z kal\u0131rken i\u015fkence g\u00f6renler aleyhine a\u00e7\u0131lan davalar k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede a\u011f\u0131r cezalar ile sonu\u00e7lanabilmektedir. <\/p>\n

\u2022 Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Adli Sicil ve \u0130statistik Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan \u20182018 Adli \u0130statistik\u2019 verilerine g\u00f6re \u2018kamu g\u00f6revlisine direnme\u2019 su\u00e7unu olu\u015fturan TCK\u2019n\u0131n 265. maddesinin de bulundu\u011fu \u2018kamu idaresinin g\u00fcvenirli\u011fine ve i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u2019dan dolay\u0131 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda 163.032 ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bunlardan 48.064\u2019\u00fc hakk\u0131nda dava a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n ayn\u0131 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde i\u015fkence su\u00e7unu d\u00fczenleyen TCK\u2019n\u0131n 94. ve s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan eziyet su\u00e7unu d\u00fczenleyen TCK\u2019n\u0131n 96. maddelerine dayal\u0131 olarak toplam 2196 ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1035 ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verilirken 766 ki\u015fiye dava a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve 395 ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda ise ba\u015fkaca kararlar verilmi\u015ftir. Bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc OHAL alt\u0131nda ge\u00e7en 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u00fcstelik kolluk \u015fiddetinin zirveye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fullarda i\u015fkence ile direnme su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lan davalar aras\u0131nda bu denli y\u00fcksek bir fark\u0131n olmas\u0131 cezas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 ve sistematik bir politika olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

\u0130zmir Barosu – \u0130zmir Tabip Odas\u0131 – T\u00fcrkiye \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Vakf\u0131 \u0130zmir Temsilcili\u011fi – \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Derne\u011fi \u0130zmir \u015eubesi – \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Hukuk\u00e7ular Derne\u011fi \u0130zmir \u015eubesi – \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u0130\u00e7in Hukuk\u00e7ular Derne\u011fi \u0130zmir \u015eubesi – \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 G\u00fcndemi Derne\u011fi – Hak \u0130nisiyatifi Derne\u011fi – \u0130mece Dostluk ve Dayan\u0131\u015fma Derne\u011fi – Halklar Aras\u0131 Dayan\u0131\u015fma K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc Derne\u011fi<\/p>\n

Dip Notlar:
\n1 \u0130HD Dok\u00fcmantasyon Biriminin hen\u00fcz tasnifi yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f verilerine g\u00f6re 2020 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk be\u015f ay\u0131nda resmi g\u00f6zalt\u0131 birimleri ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia eden ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131 en az 356\u2019d\u0131r. <\/p>\n

2 20 Temmuz 2017 tarihinde BM \u0130\u015fkence \u00d6zel Raport\u00f6r\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan \u201cG\u00f6zalt\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yerlerdeki zor kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer zalimane, insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 muamele veya cezaland\u0131rma yasa\u011f\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6zel raporunun, 47. paragraf\u0131nda yer verilen \u201cresmi olarak deklarasyonlarda yer alan \u2018\u2018i\u015fkence\u2019\u2019 tan\u0131m\u0131na uygunluk i\u00e7in gerekli olan ek ko\u015fullar mevcut olmasa bile, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullanmak isteyen ki\u015filer dahil belirli bir ama\u00e7 do\u011frultusunda ka\u00e7ma imk\u00e2n\u0131 olmayan, \u2018\u2018\u00e7aresiz\u2019\u2019 bir ki\u015fiye y\u00f6nelik ac\u0131 veya \u0131st\u0131rap yaratma ama\u00e7l\u0131 kasti zor kullan\u0131m\u0131, her zaman a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f zalimane, insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 muamele veya cezaland\u0131rma (i\u015fkence) olarak kabul edilecektir.\u201d c\u00fcmlesi konu ile ilgili \u00f6nemli bir de\u011ferlendirmedir.<\/p>\n

3 Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 17 Haziran 2020 tarihinde bas\u0131nda yer alan a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131yla yeni infaz d\u00fczenlemesinin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesiyle birlikte a\u00e7\u0131k cezaevlerinde bulunan yakla\u015f\u0131k 45 bin mahpus izinli say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, 15 bini kapal\u0131 cezaevlerinden, 30 bini a\u00e7\u0131k cezaevlerinden olmak \u00fczere 45 bin h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn de tahliye edildi\u011fini duyurdu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130zmir’de “26 haziran \u0130\u015fkence ile M\u00fccadele ve \u0130\u015fkence G\u00f6renlerle Dayan\u0131\u015fma G\u00fcn\u00fc”nde kitle \u00f6rg\u00fctleri, i\u015fkenceye kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapt\u0131. \u0130zmir Barosu, \u0130zmir Tabip Odas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Vakf\u0131 \u0130zmir Temsilcili\u011fi, \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Derne\u011fi \u0130zmir \u015eubesi, \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Hukuk\u00e7ular Derne\u011fi \u0130zmir \u015eubesi, \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u0130\u00e7in Hukuk\u00e7ular Derne\u011fi \u0130zmir \u015eubesi, \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 G\u00fcndemi Derne\u011fi, Hak \u0130nisiyatifi Derne\u011fi, \u0130mece Dostluk ve … <\/p>\n

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