{"id":1127,"date":"2019-12-11T12:41:17","date_gmt":"2019-12-11T09:41:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/izmir.imece-der.com\/?p=1127"},"modified":"2019-12-11T12:44:51","modified_gmt":"2019-12-11T09:44:51","slug":"turkiye-halkitemel-hak-ve-ozgurlukleri-mutlaka-kazanacak-fasizm-yenilecek-halkin-cocuklari-fabrikalardatarlalardaokullarda-tum-is-yerlerinde-orgutlu-yasanabilir-bir-ucretle-calisacak-parasiz-s","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.imece-der.com\/?p=1127","title":{"rendered":"Temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele etmeliyiz.."},"content":{"rendered":"

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\nT\u00fcrkiye halk\u0131;temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri mutlaka kazanacak. Fa\u015fizm yenilecek, halk\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 fabrikalarda,tarlalarda,okullarda, t\u00fcm i\u015f yerlerinde \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc, ya\u015fanabilir bir \u00fccretle \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak, paras\u0131z sa\u011fl\u0131k, konut ve ula\u015f\u0131m hakk\u0131; g\u00fcvenceli bir i\u015fi olacak, halk\u0131n o\u011fullar\u0131 ve k\u0131zlar\u0131 haks\u0131z sava\u015flarda \u00f6lmeyecek, halklar karde\u015f\u00e7e t\u00fcm demokratik haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak,payla\u015f\u0131mc\u0131, dayan\u0131\u015fmac\u0131, sosyal bir d\u00fczende, insanca ya\u015fayacak..halk\u0131m\u0131zdin ve inan\u00e7 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ya\u015fayacak..
\n\u0130\u015fte o zaman, haklar\u0131yla insan insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fayacak..Temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler i\u00e7in m\u00fccadeleye..
\n\u0130nsan haklar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcnde hak \u00f6rg\u00fctleri oturma eylemi yapt\u0131 ve y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f eyleyerek, denize karanfiller b\u0131rakt\u0131..
\nHak \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle;
\n“\u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 G\u00fcn\u00fc!
\n\u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Evrensel Bildirgesi\u2019nin kabul edili\u015finin 71. y\u0131l\u0131nday\u0131z. Bu y\u0131l da \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Evrensel Bildirgesi\u2019nde belirtildi\u011fi gibi bar\u0131\u015f, adalet, e\u015fitlik, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve insan onurunun korunmas\u0131n\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alacak demokrasi m\u00fccadelesi verilmesini savunmaya devam ediyoruz.
\n\u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Evrensel Bildirgesi\u2019nin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM) b\u00fcnyesinde, 29 Nisan 1946 tarihinde, \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Komisyonu\u2019nun kurulmas\u0131yla ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Komisyonca haz\u0131rlanan bir Giri\u015f ve 30 maddeden olu\u015fan \u0130nsan haklar\u0131 Evrensel Bildirgesi, 10 Aral\u0131k 1948 g\u00fcn\u00fc Fransa\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Paris\u2019te toplanan BM Genel Kurulu\u2019nda kabul ve ilan edilmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye, Evrensel Bildirge\u2019yi, 27 May\u0131s 1949 tarihli Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131nlayarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koymu\u015ftur.
\nEvrensel Bildirge 500\u2019den fazla dile \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi ile de en \u00e7ok dile \u00e7evrilen insan haklar\u0131 belgesi olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131r. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Genel Kurulu, 4 Aral\u0131k 1950 tarihinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi toplant\u0131da, 423 (V) say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131yla \u201c10 Aral\u0131k\u201d g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc, \u201c\u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 G\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d olarak ilan etmi\u015ftir.
\nBirle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler, bar\u0131\u015f, insan haklar\u0131 ve demokrasi ideallerine dayal\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 bir sistem olu\u015fturma hedefiyle in\u015fa edilmesine kar\u015f\u0131n maalesef bu ideallerin \u00e7ok gerisinde kal\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Evrensel Bildirge\u2019de yer alan hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere dayal\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 bir d\u00fczen h\u00e2l\u00e2 kurulamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc de, varolu\u015f gerek\u00e7esiyle \u00e7eli\u015fir bi\u00e7imde, hak ihlallerinin ba\u015fl\u0131ca sebebi olan sava\u015flar\u0131 ve i\u00e7 sava\u015flar\u0131 \u00f6nlemede\/sonland\u0131rmada, m\u00fclteci krizlerine m\u00fcdahalede, k\u00fcresel \u00e7apta do\u011fal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131n korunmas\u0131nda, yoksullukla ve adaletsizlikle m\u00fccadelede, ba\u015fta kad\u0131nlara y\u00f6nelik olmak \u00fczere her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonland\u0131rmada yeterince etkin olamamaktad\u0131r.
\nGelinen a\u015famada g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devletlerin bir araya gelerek olu\u015fturdu\u011fu askeri ve ekonomik birliktelikler, insanlar\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini kullanmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde birer engele d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00d6zellikle devletlerin demokrasi ve hukuk taahh\u00fcd\u00fcnden giderek uzakla\u015fmalar\u0131 insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en \u00f6nemli kazan\u0131mlar\u0131ndan birisi olan insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n, hem bir referans sistemi hem de bir denetim mekanizmas\u0131 olarak zay\u0131flamas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcm bu olumsuzluklar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u015eili\u2019den L\u00fcbnan\u2019a, \u0130ran\u2019dan Hong Kong\u2019a d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinde halklar \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, adalet, e\u015fitlik ve insan haklar\u0131 talepleriyle itirazlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltmektedirler. Devletlerin ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin bu itirazlara yan\u0131t\u0131 ise \u015fiddetin her t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc sistematikle\u015ftirip yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rma ve hayat\u0131n tek ger\u00e7e\u011fi olarak toplumlara dayatma \u015feklinde olmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n ya\u015famakta oldu\u011fu bu a\u011f\u0131r kriz kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda insan haklar\u0131n\u0131 savunmak ve kurucu rol\u00fcn\u00fc canland\u0131rmak en asli g\u00f6revimizdir.
\nBu kriz hali maalesef T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de t\u00fcm yo\u011funlu\u011fu ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. \u00dclke, 2016 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana \u00f6nce do\u011frudan, 19 Temmuz 2018 tarihinde itibaren de resmen kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylense de yap\u0131lan pek \u00e7ok d\u00fczenleme ile kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k\/s\u00fcreklilik kazand\u0131r\u0131lan bir OHAL rejimi ile y\u00f6netilmektedir. Bu durum\/s\u00fcre\u00e7, siyasal iktidar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131ran anayasac\u0131l\u0131k ilkesinin terkedilmesine, b\u00f6ylece hem hukukun hem de kurumlar\u0131n bask\u0131c\u0131 rejimin birer \u201carac\u0131\u201d haline getirilerek keyfiyetin ve belirsizli\u011fin kamusal alana hakim k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kurumlar\u0131m\u0131z taraf\u0131ndan bu y\u0131l 16.\u2019s\u0131 yap\u0131lan T\u00fcrkiye \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Hareketi Konferans\u0131\u2019nda da ifade edildi\u011fi gibi \u201cYeni rejimin bir y\u00f6netim tekni\u011fi olarak belirsizlik yaratma g\u00fcc\u00fc, g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayattan y\u00fcksek siyasete kadar her alanda hukuki, siyasal, ekonomik, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015fe yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, belirsizlik rejimi sadece bir hukuki \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemezlik hali de\u011fil, ki\u015filerin kendi belirlenimlerinin de s\u00fcrekli tehdit alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu bir korku iklimidir. Bu t\u00fcr bir iklim, bir yandan toplumun \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131ndaki \u2018g\u00fcvensiz\u2019 bir ili\u015fkiye yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fc\u015fterek ba\u011flar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesine neden olmu\u015f, di\u011fer yandan da bireylerin idare edenlerle ili\u015fkisini beklentisel itaat olarak adland\u0131rabilece\u011fimiz bir uyma, hatta emredenin neyi emredece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek ona g\u00f6re eyleme prati\u011fine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca belirsizlik rejimi i\u00e7inde kurumlar\u0131n da a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131yla beraber hak ihlalleriyle m\u00fccadele alan\u0131n\u0131 daraltmak anlam\u0131na gelen cezas\u0131zl\u0131k yayg\u0131nla\u015farak yeniden \u00fcretilmi\u015f ve neredeyse bir kural haline getirilmi\u015ftir.\u201d
\nBu k\u0131sa de\u011ferlendirmelerin ard\u0131ndan 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00e7e\u015fitli hak kategorilerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ihlallere bakarsak;
\nKALICILA\u015eAN OHAL
\nOHAL uygulamas\u0131 19 Temmuz 2018 itibariyle sona ermi\u015f ise de Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 31 Temmuz 2018 g\u00fcn\u00fc onaylanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 7145 say\u0131l\u0131 \u201cBaz\u0131 Kanun ve Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararnamelerde De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun\u201d ile OHAL, t\u00fcm sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla birlikte kal\u0131c\u0131 hale getirilmi\u015f oldu. Bu d\u00fczenlemelerin ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131 g\u00f6zalt\u0131 s\u00fcrelerinin yayg\u0131n olarak 12 g\u00fcn boyunca uygulanmas\u0131, valilerin neredeyse istisnas\u0131z olarak bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 ile toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6sterileri yasaklamas\u0131, kamu kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n kamu g\u00f6revlilerini ihra\u00e7 i\u015flemlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesidir. OHAL\u2019in a\u011f\u0131r sonu\u00e7 ve etkileri her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn giderek artan bi\u00e7imde toplumsal ya\u015fam \u00fczerinde hissedilmektedir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fcz k\u0131rk bine yak\u0131n insan\u0131 etkileyen OHAL karar ve i\u015flemlerini incelemek \u00fczere kurulan komisyonun a\u011f\u0131r i\u015fleyi\u015fi ve ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yetersiz kararlar ile OHAL sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kal\u0131c\u0131 etkisi daha da artmaktad\u0131r. OHAL \u0130\u015flemleri \u0130nceleme Komisyonu\u2019nun 25 Ekim 2019 tarihinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 duyuru ile OHAL kapsam\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan KHK\u2019lar ile 125.678\u2019i kamu g\u00f6revinden \u00e7\u0131karma olmak \u00fczere toplam 131.922 i\u015flem ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fini belirtmektedir. Bu i\u015flemlerden 2.761\u2019i kurum\/kurulu\u015f kapatma i\u015flemidir. Komisyona yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvuru say\u0131s\u0131 126.200\u2019d\u00fcr. Komisyon 8.100\u2019\u00fc kabul, 83.900\u2019\u00fc ret olmak toplam 92.000 ba\u015fvuru hakk\u0131nda karara varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u00d6te yandan OHAL d\u00f6neminde \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 668 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK\u2019n\u0131n 3. maddesinin (d) bendi ile tutuklular\u0131n avukatlar\u0131 ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerine Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131s\u0131\u2019n\u0131n karar\u0131yla k\u0131s\u0131tlama getirilebilece\u011fi d\u00fczenlemesi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. OHAL kalkt\u0131ktan sonra da bu t\u00fcr k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 uygulamalara devam edildi. Ancak Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin 29 Kas\u0131m 2019 tarihli Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan 24.07.2019 tarihli 2018\/73 E, 2019\/65 K say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile bu t\u00fcr d\u00fczenlemelerden olan 5275 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130nfaz Kanunu\u2019nun 59. maddesinin (5) ve (10) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen, \u201cG\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin teknik cihazla sesli veya g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fc olarak kaydedilmesi, tutuklu ile avukat\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri izlemek amac\u0131yla g\u00f6revli bulundurulmas\u0131, tutuklunun avukat\u0131na veya avukat\u0131n tutukluya verdi\u011fi belge veya belge \u00f6rnekleri, dosyalar ve aralar\u0131ndaki konu\u015fmalara ili\u015fkin tuttuklar\u0131 kay\u0131tlara el konulmas\u0131\u201d h\u00fck\u00fcmleri iptal edilmi\u015ftir.
\nYA\u015eAM HAKKI
\nSiyasal iktidar\u0131n \u00fclke i\u00e7inde ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u015fiddeti esas alan politikalar\u0131 yine 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015fanan ya\u015fam hakk\u0131 ihlallerinin ba\u015fl\u0131ca sebebini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan ya\u015fam hakk\u0131 ihlalleri, sadece devletin g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leri taraf\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen ihlaller ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen fakat devletin, \u201c\u00f6nleme ve koruma\u201d y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yerine getirmeyerek neden oldu\u011fu ihlalleri de kapsamaktad\u0131r.
\n\u0130HD ve T\u0130HV Dok\u00fcmantasyon Merkezi\u2019nin verilerine g\u00f6re 2019 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk 11 ay\u0131nda;
\n\u2022 Kolluk g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin yarg\u0131s\u0131z infaz\u0131, dur ihtar\u0131na uyulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle veya rastgele ate\u015f a\u00e7mas\u0131 sonucu 10 ki\u015fi ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015f, 4 ki\u015fi de yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022 Silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar nedeniyle en az 97 g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlisi (88 asker, 7 polis, 2 korucu), 362 militan, 30 sivil olmak \u00fczere toplam 489 ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nemde en az 154 asker, 13 polis ve 7 korucu, 38 sivil olmak \u00fczere toplam 212 ki\u015fi ise yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022 G\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerine ait z\u0131rhl\u0131 ara\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00e7arpmas\u0131 sonucu en az 2 ki\u015fi ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015f, 2 ki\u015fi de yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022 May\u0131n ve sahipsiz bomba vb. patlamas\u0131 sonucu 3 ki\u015fi ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015f, 3 ki\u015fi de yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022 Cezaevlerinde hastal\u0131k, intihar, \u015fiddet vb. \u00e7e\u015fitli gerek\u00e7elerle en az 38 ki\u015fi ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015f, 5 ki\u015fi de yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022 Zorunlu ya da muvazzaf olarak askerlik g\u00f6revini yaparken en az 17 ki\u015fi \u015f\u00fcpheli bir \u015fekilde ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015f, 6 ki\u015fi de yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022 \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130\u015f G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Meclisi\u2019nin verilerine g\u00f6re i\u015f kazalar\u0131\/cinayetleri sonucu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 2019 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk 11 ay\u0131nda en az 1606 i\u015f\u00e7i ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015ftir.
\n\u2022 2019 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk 11 ay\u0131nda ise en az 305 kad\u0131n erkek \u015fiddeti sonucu \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
\nYine T\u0130HV Dok\u00fcmantasyon Merkezi\u2019nin verilerine g\u00f6re 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Suriye\u2019nin kuzey do\u011fusuna y\u00f6nelik ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 askeri harekat s\u0131ras\u0131nda, s\u0131n\u0131r hatt\u0131nda bulunan il\u00e7elere havan mermisi vb. patlay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n isabet etmesi sonucu en az 19 sivil ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015f, 132 sivil de yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te en az 17 asker ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015f, 33 asker de yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Askeri harekat nedeniyle Suriye\u2019de ka\u00e7 silahl\u0131 militan\u0131n ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin destekledi\u011fi paramiliter gruplardan ka\u00e7 ki\u015finin ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi\u011fi konusunda sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 veriler bulunmamaktad\u0131r.
\nSuriye taraf\u0131nda ise Suriye \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 G\u00f6zlemevi (SOHR), \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 \u0130zleme \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (HRW), Uluslararas\u0131 Af \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (AI) gibi \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin tespitine g\u00f6re aralar\u0131nda Suriye Gelecek Partisi Genel Sekreteri Hevrin Khalaf ile 2 gazetecinin de bulundu\u011fu onlarca sivil \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da ki\u015fi de yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle paramiliter gruplar\u0131n sivil yerle\u015fim yerlerine y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 devam etmekte olup en son Tel Rifat b\u00f6lgesinde bulunan bir yerle\u015fim yerine yap\u0131lan havanl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131da 8\u2019i \u00e7ocuk 10 sivil ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015f, 20\u2019nin \u00fczerinde ki\u015fi de yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nCenevre merkezli BM \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Y\u00fcksek Komiserli\u011fi (OHCHR) T\u00fcrkiye’nin Suriye’nin kuzeyinde ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 harekata dair yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, T\u00fcrkiye’nin destek verdi\u011fi silahl\u0131 gruplar taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen sivillere y\u00f6nelik infazlardan T\u00fcrkiye’nin sorumlu tutulabilece\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekti ve \u00f6nleme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc hat\u0131rlatt\u0131.
\n\u0130\u015eKENCE ve di\u011fer K\u00d6T\u00dc MUAMELE
\nSon y\u0131llarda, ki\u015fileri cezaland\u0131rmaya ve\/veya y\u0131ld\u0131rmaya ve\/veya otorite kurmaya y\u00f6nelik ve\/veya ceza soru\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131n (itiraf almak veya bilgi edinmek\/\u201cdelil toplamak\u201d ama\u00e7l\u0131) bir arac\u0131 olarak i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterdi\u011fine i\u015faret eden ciddi ve geni\u015f alana yans\u0131yan tespitler ve iddialar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Resmi g\u00f6zalt\u0131 merkezlerinde, resmi olmayan g\u00f6zalt\u0131 yerlerinde, sokakta, cezaevlerinde hemen her yerde i\u015fkence uygulamalar\u0131, yan\u0131 s\u0131ra toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6sterilerde g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin \u201ci\u015fkence\u201d d\u00fczeyine ula\u015fan \u201ca\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ve orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanarak m\u00fcdahalesi\u201d yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, toplumun farkl\u0131 kesimlerinde iktidar\u0131n kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc ve bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmak, deh\u015fet ve korku yaymak amac\u0131 ile i\u015fkencenin ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele bi\u00e7imlerinin uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131na tan\u0131k olunmaktad\u0131r.
\n\u2022 T\u00fcrkiye \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Vakf\u0131’na (T\u0130HV) 2019 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk 11 ay\u0131nda i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131yla toplam 840 ki\u015fi ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fvuranlar\u0131n 422\u2018si ayn\u0131 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde i\u015fkence ve k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini belirtmi\u015flerdir.
\n\u2022 \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Derne\u011fi\u2019nin (\u0130HD) verilerine g\u00f6re ise 2019 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk 11 ay\u0131nda g\u00f6zalt\u0131nda ve g\u00f6zalt\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki yerlerde i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia eden ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131 830\u2019dur.
\n\u2022 \u00dclke genelindeki bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steriler s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leri taraf\u0131ndan toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steride bulunma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanan ki\u015filere y\u00f6nelik \u201ca\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ve orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7\u201d kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele d\u00fczeyine ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair \u00e7ok say\u0131da kan\u0131t bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zel olarak Ankara\u2019daki Y\u00fcksel Caddesinde bulunan \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Heykelinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde her g\u00fcn en az iki kere yap\u0131lan bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l g\u00f6sterilere yap\u0131lan polis m\u00fcdahaleleri \u00fclke genelinde bu t\u00fcr \u201ca\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ve orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7\u201d kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rneklerinden sadece bir tanesidir. Yine \u0130HD verilerine g\u00f6re 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda 962 toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steriye m\u00fcdahale edilmi\u015ftir. 2886 ki\u015fi bu m\u00fcdahalelerde kaba dayak ve k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

\u2022 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda 7 zorla ka\u00e7\u0131rma vakas\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015f ve bunlardan 6\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n ailesi \u0130HD\u2019ye ba\u015fvuru alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ba\u015fvurulardan 5\u2019i Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Zorla veya \u0130rade D\u0131\u015f\u0131 Kaybetmeler \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Grubu\u2019na yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvurular\u0131 takiben bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r. Di\u011fer ki\u015finin ak\u0131beti ise halen bilinmemektedir. Bulunan ki\u015filerin i\u015fkence ve k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u0130\u015fkencenin \u00f6nlenmesinde \u00f6nemli rol\u00fc olan ancak y\u0131llard\u0131r uygulamada b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ihmal edilen usul g\u00fcvenceleri, OHAL s\u00fcrecinde KHK\u2019lar ile yap\u0131lan yasal d\u00fczenlemeler sonucu \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tahrip olmu\u015ftur. Bu yasal d\u00fczenlemelere de dayal\u0131 olarak, ki\u015fiye g\u00f6zalt\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgilendirme, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraflara bilgi verme, avukata eri\u015fim, hekime eri\u015fim, uygun ortamlarda uygun muayenelerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi ve usul\u00fcne uygun raporlar\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesi, hukukilik denetimi i\u00e7in s\u00fcratle yarg\u0131sal makama ba\u015fvurulabilme, g\u00f6zalt\u0131 kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcn tutulmas\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z izlemelerin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmas\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131nda toplanabilecek usul g\u00fcvencelerinin son d\u00f6nemde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu konuda b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle keyfi bir ortam yarat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.
\n\u0130\u015fkencenin \u00f6nlenmesinde etkili ve \u00f6nemli bir ara\u00e7 olan \u2018Ulusal \u00d6nleme Mekanizmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n i\u015flevlerini yerine getirmek \u00fczere yetkilendirilmi\u015f olan T\u00fcrkiye \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 ve E\u015fitlik Kurumu\u2019na (T\u0130HEK) y\u00f6nelik ele\u015ftirilerimize zeminin olu\u015fturan sorunlarda 2019 y\u0131l\u0131 itibar\u0131yla da hi\u00e7bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u0130HEK\u2019i Paris Prensipleri ve OPCAT ilkelerine uyumlu hale getirecek hi\u00e7 bir ad\u0131m at\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ilkelerin en ba\u015f\u0131nda gelen i\u015flevsel ve mali ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmemi\u015ftir. Kurumun yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ziyaret raporlar\u0131nda ise ilke ve y\u00f6ntem hatalar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan bu raporlardan al\u0131koyma yerlerine yap\u0131lan \u00f6nleyici ziyaretlerin, asgari standartlara sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ziyaretlerin yaln\u0131zca \u015fekli olarak yerine getirildi\u011fine y\u00f6nelik izlenimimiz devam etmi\u015ftir.
\nCezas\u0131zl\u0131k h\u00e2l\u00e2 i\u015fkence ile m\u00fccadelede en \u00f6nemli engeldir. Faillere hi\u00e7 soru\u015fturma a\u00e7\u0131lmamas\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131lan soru\u015fturmalar\u0131n kovu\u015fturmaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmemesi, dava a\u00e7\u0131lan vakalarda i\u015fkence yerine daha az cezay\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7lardan iddianame d\u00fczenlenmesi, san\u0131klara hi\u00e7 ceza verilmemesi ya da i\u015fkence ve bireysel su\u00e7lar kapsam\u0131nda kamu g\u00f6revi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda eziyet su\u00e7u kapsam\u0131na al\u0131narak cezalar verilmesi ve cezalar\u0131n ertelenmesi gibi nedenlerle cezas\u0131zl\u0131k olgusu i\u015fkence yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan en temel unsurlardan birisi olarak hala kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda durmaktad\u0131r. Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Adli Sicil ve \u0130statistik Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan \u20182018 Adli \u0130statistik\u2019 verilerine g\u00f6re s\u00f6z konusu y\u0131l i\u00e7inde TCK\u2019n\u0131n 94. ve 96. maddelerdeki i\u015fkence ve eziyet su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan 2196 ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, 1035 ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verilmi\u015f, 766 ki\u015fiye dava a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve 395 ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda ise ba\u015fkaca kararlar verilmi\u015ftir. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi resmi istatistiklerde bile i\u015fkence ve eziyet su\u00e7undaki soru\u015fturma ve dava say\u0131lar\u0131nda ciddi art\u0131\u015f s\u00f6z konusudur.
\n\u00d6te yandan, \u2018kamu g\u00f6revlisine direnme\u2019 su\u00e7unu olu\u015fturan TCK\u2019n\u0131n 265. maddesinin de bulundu\u011fu \u2018kamu idaresinin g\u00fcvenirli\u011fine ve i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u2019dan dolay\u0131 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda 163.032 ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bunlardan 48.064\u2019\u00fc hakk\u0131nda dava a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. OHAL ortam\u0131nda ve kolluk \u015fiddetinin zirveye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fullarda i\u015fkence ile direnme su\u00e7undan a\u00e7\u0131lan davalar aras\u0131nda bu denli y\u00fcksek bir fark\u0131n olmas\u0131 cezas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 ve sistematik bir politika olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6stermektedir.
\n\u00d6te yandan, Avrupa \u0130\u015fkencenin ve \u0130nsanl\u0131k D\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya Onur K\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 Ceza veya Muamelenin \u00d6nlenmesi Komitesi\u2019nin (CPT) 29 A\u011fustos-6 Eyl\u00fcl 2016 tarihlerinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u201c\u00f6zel ama\u00e7l\u0131\/ad-hoc\u201d ziyareti s\u0131ras\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlem ve tespitler hakk\u0131nda tamamlanm\u0131\u015f raporun yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131na h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan h\u00e2l\u00e2 izin verilmemesi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki i\u015fkence sorunu ile ilgili bir ba\u015fka g\u00f6stergedir. Ayr\u0131ca CPT\u2019nin May\u0131s 2019\u2019daki T\u00fcrkiye ziyareti ile ilgili rapor da hen\u00fcz a\u00e7\u0131klanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u0130HD\u2019ye yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvurulara ve bas\u0131ndaki haberlere g\u00f6re, son d\u00f6nemlerde ba\u015fta \u0130stanbul, Ankara, Diyarbak\u0131r ve \u0130zmir olmak \u00fczere pek \u00e7ok ilde \u00fcniversite \u00f6\u011frencileri, gazeteciler ve aktivistler ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u00e7ok say\u0131da ki\u015fi kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ifadeye zorland\u0131, bask\u0131 ve tehdit y\u00f6ntemleriyle ajanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131, bunu kabul etmeyenlerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyeli\u011fi\u201d iddias\u0131yla tutukland\u0131 ya da ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131larak bir s\u00fcre sonra \u00e7e\u015fitli i\u015fkence ve k\u00f6t\u00fc muamelelere maruz kald\u0131ktan sonra b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. Ajanla\u015ft\u0131rma iddias\u0131yla \u0130HD Genel Merkezi ve \u015fubelerine 2019 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7inde toplam 71 ba\u015fvuru yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bas\u0131na yans\u0131yan haberlerde ise 79 vaka tespit edilmi\u015ftir.
\nCEZAEVLER\u0130
\nAdalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re 31 Aral\u0131k 2002 tarihinde yani AKP iktidara geldi\u011finde T\u00fcrkiye cezaevlerinde 59.429 mahpus bulunmakta idi.
\nAdalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ceza ve Tevkif Evleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn TBMM \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130nceleme Komisyonu\u2019na a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilere g\u00f6re 15 Kas\u0131m 2019 tarihi itibar\u0131yla 355 ceza infaz kurumunda toplam 286 bin 500 tutuklu ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r. 11 bin civar\u0131nda tutuklu ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn kad\u0131n oldu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015f, kesin tutuklu ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc say\u0131lar\u0131 verilmemi\u015ftir. Cezaevlerinde 3 bin 100 \u00e7ocuk h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc ve tutuklu bulunurken, 780 \u00e7ocuk ise anneleri ile birlikte cezaevlerinde kalmaktad\u0131r.
\nBunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda denetimli serbestlik tedbirine tabi ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131 Ekim 2019 itibar\u0131 ile 238 bin 365 ki\u015fidir. Ayr\u0131ca tutuklama karar\u0131 verilmeyip adli kontrol karar\u0131 ile serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lan ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131 Ekim 2019 itibar\u0131 ile 478 bin 867\u2019dir.
\nUzunca bir zamand\u0131r h\u00fckmen tutuklu dedi\u011fimiz, yani cezas\u0131 onanmam\u0131\u015f ki\u015filerin say\u0131s\u0131 ise verilmemektedir. Ne yaz\u0131k ki T\u00dc\u0130K verileri de bir y\u0131l geriden gelmektedir. Bu veriler bile durumun ciddiyetini yans\u0131tacak niteliktedir. T\u00dc\u0130K taraf\u0131ndan 5 Aral\u0131k 2019 tarihinde yap\u0131lan son a\u00e7\u0131klamaya g\u00f6re 31 Aral\u0131k 2018 tarihi itibar\u0131yla ceza infaz kurumlar\u0131nda bulunan ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131, bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131la oranla %14 artarak 264 bin 842 olmu\u015ftur. Bir ba\u015fka \u00f6nemli veri de y\u0131l i\u00e7inde hapishanelere giren ve tahliye edilen ki\u015filerin say\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00dc\u0130K verilerine g\u00f6re 2018 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7inde ceza infaz kurumlar\u0131na 266 bin 889 ki\u015finin giri\u015f kayd\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131rken ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde 215 bin 170 ki\u015finin de \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f kayd\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu y\u00fcksek say\u0131daki sirk\u00fclasyon hapishanelerde bulunan h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc ve tutuklu say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnenden \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funa i\u015faret etmektedir.
\nAdalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 mevcut 355 ceza ve infaz kurumunun toplam kapasitesini 220 bin 230 ki\u015fi olarak belirtmektedir. Bu durumda cezaevlerinde kapasite fazlas\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 66 bin tutuklunun ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn bulundu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu da cezaevlerinin fiziksel ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fmesine ve hak mahrumiyetlerinde ciddi bir art\u0131\u015fa yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r.
\nDi\u011fer taraftan OHAL ilan\u0131yla birlikte cezaevlerindeki i\u015fkence ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele uygulamalar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir:
\nCezaevlerinde \u00e7e\u015fitli gerek\u00e7elerle (\u00e7\u0131plak arama, kelep\u00e7eli muayene, ayakta tekmil vererek say\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131na itiraz gibi) giri\u015fte ve sonras\u0131nda devam eden kaba dayak, siyasi su\u00e7lardan tutuklananlar\u0131n \u201cter\u00f6rist\u201d olarak yaftalanmas\u0131 ve bu gerek\u00e7eyle \u015fiddete maruz kalmalar\u0131, her t\u00fcrden keyfi muamele ve keyfi disiplin cezalar\u0131, h\u00fccre cezalar\u0131, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve sevk uygulamalar\u0131 yak\u0131n tarihte g\u00f6r\u00fclmedik boyutlara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n2000 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana uygulanmakta olan ve tutuklu ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fclerin fiziksel ve psikolojik b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fcklerinin ciddi \u015fekilde zarar g\u00f6rmesine neden olan tek ki\u015fi ya da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck grup izolasyon\/tecrit uygulamalar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rla\u015farak yayg\u0131nla\u015fan bir sorundur. Bir kez daha Avrupa \u0130\u015fkencenin ve \u0130nsanl\u0131k D\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya Onur K\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 Ceza veya Muamelenin \u00d6nlenmesi Komitesi\u2019nin (CPT) \u201cTutukevlerindeki mahkumlar\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcn makul bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 (sekiz saat veya daha fazla) h\u00fccreleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, belirli amac\u0131 olan ve de\u011fi\u015fen faaliyetler yaparak ge\u00e7irmeleri hedeflenmelidir. Do\u011fal olarak, h\u00fck\u00fcm giymi\u015f mahkumlar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu kurumlardaki programlar daha da uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d \u015feklinde ifade edilen standart ilkesine yer vermekte yarar olacakt\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2018n\u0131n 10 tutuklu ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn haftada 10 saat bir araya gelerek sosyalle\u015fmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren 22 Ocak 2007 tarihli genelgesi (45\/1) bile y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olmakla birlikte uygulanmamaktad\u0131r.
\nSa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetine eri\u015fimin k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131, cezaevi reviri ziyaret hakk\u0131n\u0131n reddedilmesi, Adli T\u0131p Kurumu\u2019na, adliyeye ve hastaneye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrken, muayene ve hastane yat\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kelep\u00e7e tak\u0131lmas\u0131 d\u00e2hil k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele uygulamalar\u0131, mahpuslar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n zaman\u0131nda ve etkili bir \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmemesi, uzun bir s\u00fcredir devam eden bir ba\u015fka sorun alan\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle son d\u00f6nemde tedavilerini zorlukla s\u00fcrd\u00fcren mahpuslar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun ba\u015fka cezaevlerine s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmesi sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetine eri\u015fim hakk\u0131na \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde zarar vermi\u015ftir.
\nCezaevleri ile ilgili bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli konu da hasta mahpuslard\u0131r. \u0130HD\u2019nin Nisan 2019\u2019da yay\u0131nlanan raporundaki verilerine g\u00f6re hapishanelerde 457\u2019si a\u011f\u0131r olmak \u00fczere 1334 hasta mahpus bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu say\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131ndan endi\u015fe etmekteyiz. Bu ki\u015filerin sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetine eri\u015fiminde \u00f6nemli sorunlar\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve nitelikli de\u011ferlendirmelere dayal\u0131 t\u0131bbi de\u011ferlendirme raporu almalar\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde de Adli T\u0131p Kurumu\u2019nun ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmamas\u0131 d\u00e2hil, ciddi sorunlar bulunmaktad\u0131r.
\nHalklar\u0131n Demokratik Partisi (HDP) Hakkari milletvekili ve Demokratik Tolum Kongresi (DTK) E\u015f Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Leyla G\u00fcven\u2019in 7 Kas\u0131m 2018 tarihinde Diyarbak\u0131r E Tipi Cezaevi\u2019nde, Abdullah \u00d6calan \u00fczerindeki tecridin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 talebiyle ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcresiz d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcms\u00fcz a\u00e7l\u0131k grevine cezaevlerinden 3 bin 200 ki\u015fi kat\u0131ld\u0131. 30 Nisan 2019 tarihinde 15 mahpus, 10 May\u0131s 2019 tarihinde ise 15 mahpus a\u00e7l\u0131k grevini \u00f6l\u00fcm orucuna \u00e7evirdi. Abdullah \u00d6calan \u00fczerindeki tecridin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 talebiyle Tekirda\u011f Cezaevi\u2019nde Z\u00fclk\u00fcf Gezen, Gebze Kad\u0131n Cezaevi\u2019nde Ayten Be\u00e7et, Oltu T Tipi Kapal\u0131 Cezaevi\u2019nde Zehra Sa\u011flam, Mardin E Tipi Kapal\u0131 Cezaevi\u2019nde Medya \u00c7\u0131nar, Elaz\u0131\u011f Cezaevi\u2019nde Mahsum Pamay, \u0130zmir \u015eakran Kapal\u0131 Cezaevi\u2019nde bulunan Yonca Akici ve Osmaniye Cezaevi\u2019nde Sira\u00e7 Y\u00fcksek isimli mahpuslar cezaevinde hayatlar\u0131na son verdiler. A\u00e7l\u0131k grevleri 26 May\u0131s 2019 tarihinde son bulmu\u015ftur. \u0130mral\u0131 Hapishanesi\u2019nde tutulan Abdullah \u00d6calan ve di\u011fer 3 mahpus, avukatlar\u0131 ve aile bireyleri ile en son 7 A\u011fustos 2019 tarihinde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve o tarihten beri g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler durdurularak tecrit yeniden devreye konulmu\u015ftur.
\nK\u00dcRT SORUNU
\nK\u00fcrt meselesinin bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l ve demokratik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik esas olarak iktidar taraf\u0131ndan i\u00e7tenlikli, b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc ad\u0131mlar\u0131n at\u0131lmamas\u0131, yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki geli\u015fmelerin de etkisi ile 7 Haziran 2015 Genel Se\u00e7imleri\u2019nin hemen ard\u0131ndan ba\u015flayan silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 halen s\u00fcrmekte ve ba\u015fta ya\u015fam hakk\u0131 olmak \u00fczere a\u011f\u0131r ve ciddi insan haklar\u0131 ihlallerine yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Bizler, K\u00fcrt sorununun her zaman demokratik ve bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc savunduk. Bunda \u0131srarl\u0131y\u0131z. O nedenle, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n hemen \u015fimdi durmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyoruz. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zl\u0131k ortam\u0131n\u0131n tesisi ile birlikte \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zl\u0131k halinin ya\u015fanan olumsuzluklardan da hareketle tahkim edilmi\u015f bir hale getirilerek g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi, izlenmesi ve toplumsal bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n sa\u011flanabilmesi i\u00e7in t\u00fcm taraflar\u0131n i\u00e7tenlikli, etkin programlar geli\u015ftirmesi gerekmektedir.
\n2015 – 2016 y\u0131llar\u0131nda yo\u011fun bi\u00e7imde uygulanan, uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 il ve il\u00e7elerde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinen en az 1,8 milyondan fazla ki\u015finin en temel ya\u015fam ve sa\u011fl\u0131k haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihl\u00e2l edilmesine yol a\u00e7an, Avrupa Hukuk Yoluyla Demokrasi Komisyonu (Venedik Komisyonu) ve Avrupa Konseyi \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Komiseri\u2019nin raporlar\u0131nda gerek i\u00e7 gerekse uluslararas\u0131 hukuk a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yasal dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilen \u2018aral\u0131ks\u0131z\/g\u00fcnboyu s\u00fcren soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kma yasaklar\u0131\u2019 daha k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli de olsa t\u00fcm olumsuzluklar\u0131 ile birlikte 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda da s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. T\u0130HV Dok\u00fcmantasyon Merkezi taraf\u0131ndan 16 A\u011fustos 2015\u2019ten 1 Temmuz 2019 tarihine kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde toplam 11 il ve en az 51 il\u00e7ede tespit edilebilen en az 369 resmi soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kma yasa\u011f\u0131 ilan\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. 2019\u2019da 18 kez soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kma yasa\u011f\u0131 ilan edilmi\u015ftir. Aylarca s\u00fcren \u201cs\u00fcrekli soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kma yasaklar\u0131\u201d sonucunda yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 1 milyon 809 bin ki\u015finin kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak \u201ckeyfi bir bi\u00e7imde \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d belirtilmelidir. Devletin tamamen kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131nda bulunan b\u00f6lgelerde ikamet eden ki\u015filer temel haklar\u0131ndan ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinden mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r ve bu ki\u015filerin su, yiyecek ve sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri gibi temel ihtiya\u00e7lara eri\u015fimleri uzun s\u00fcreli olarak yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u201cs\u00fcrekli soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kma yasa\u011f\u0131\u201d uygulamas\u0131 ki\u015filerin bireysel ya da toplu olarak \u015fiddetli ac\u0131 ve duygusal \u0131st\u0131rap d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere zarar g\u00f6rmesi itibariyle, halihaz\u0131rda ciddi boyutlara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan i\u015fkencenin ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc muamelelerin yasaklanmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. 31 Temmuz 2018 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 7145 say\u0131l\u0131 kanun ile 5442 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunun 11. maddesine eklemeler yap\u0131larak valilere 15 g\u00fcn boyunca soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kma yasa\u011f\u0131 ilan etme gibi ki\u015filerin kentlere giri\u015f ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 engelleyici yetkiler verilmi\u015ftir.
\n31 Mart 2019 yerel se\u00e7im sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6zellikle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bat\u0131s\u0131nda ayr\u0131m g\u00f6zetmeksizin yurtta\u015flar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun nefret s\u00f6yleminin etkisine girmedi\u011fini, ayr\u0131mc\u0131 ve \u00f6tekile\u015ftirici dili reddetti\u011fini ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Cumhur \u0130ttifak\u0131\u2019n\u0131 olu\u015fturan AKP ve MHP\u2019nin K\u00fcrt sorununda izledikleri sava\u015f politikalar\u0131 onay bulmam\u0131\u015f ve b\u00fcy\u00fck kentlerde yerel se\u00e7imleri kaybetmi\u015flerdir. T\u00fcrkiye se\u00e7meni sand\u0131kta birle\u015ferek bar\u0131\u015f ve demokrasi mesaj\u0131 vermi\u015ftir. Siyasi iktidar\u0131n yerel se\u00e7im sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru okumas\u0131 ve biran \u00f6nce yeni bir bar\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrecinin in\u015fa edilmesi noktas\u0131nda ad\u0131m atmas\u0131 beklenirken, se\u00e7im \u00f6ncesinde ima edilen m\u00fcdahalelerin hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Se\u00e7imlerin hemen ard\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilmi\u015f belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131, belediye e\u015f ba\u015fkan\u0131, il genel meclisi \u00fcyesi ve belediye meclisi \u00fcyelerinden 61 ki\u015fiye KHK\u2019l\u0131 olduklar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle mazbatalar\u0131 verilmemi\u015f, HDP\u2019li 5 belediye meclisi \u00fcyesi ile 2 il genel meclisi \u00fcyesi de bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te tutuklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 19 A\u011fustos 2019 tarihinde sabah\u0131n erken saatlerinde ise \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar\u0131 ile HDP\u2019li Diyarbak\u0131r, Mardin ve Van b\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir belediye ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revden al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve onlar\u0131n yerine ayn\u0131 illerin valilerinin g\u00f6revlendirildi\u011fine dair a\u00e7\u0131klama yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. HDP\u2019nin 20 Kas\u0131m 2019 tarihinde a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kayy\u0131m Raporu\u2019na g\u00f6re 19 A\u011fustos ile 16 Kas\u0131m 2019 aras\u0131nda toplam 24 HDP\u2019li belediyeye kayy\u0131m atanm\u0131\u015f ve 13 belediye e\u015f ba\u015fkan\u0131 da tutuklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn itibar\u0131yla kayy\u0131m atanan belediye say\u0131s\u0131 28 olmu\u015ftur. Kayy\u0131mlar\u0131n g\u00f6reve geldikten sonra ilk i\u015f olarak belediye meclislerini fiilen feshetmeleri sonucu se\u00e7men iradesi yok say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, yerel demokrasi imkanlar\u0131 da t\u00fcm\u00fcyle ilga edilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fta HDP\u2019nin eski E\u015f Genel Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 Selahattin Demirta\u015f ve Figen Y\u00fcksekda\u011f olmak \u00fczere \u00e7ok say\u0131da se\u00e7ilmi\u015f K\u00fcrt siyaset\u00e7inin tutuklu bulunmas\u0131 veya hapis cezalar\u0131 ve uzak cezaevlerine s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 adil yarg\u0131lanma, se\u00e7me se\u00e7ilme, \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi pek \u00e7ok temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ihlaline yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r.
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Kuzey ve Do\u011fu Suriye\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik operasyonuna dair Uluslararas\u0131 Af \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan 1 Kas\u0131m 2019 tarihli raporda da askeri harekat kapsam\u0131nda ya\u015fanan bask\u0131n\u0131n boyutunun, yetkililerin askeri operasyonlar\u0131 muhalif d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi daha fazla ezmek ve korku salmak i\u00e7in bir bahane olarak kullanmaya vard\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu raporda yer verilen \u00f6rnekler, ter\u00f6rle m\u00fccadele yasalar\u0131n\u0131n, askeri harekatla ilgili her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ele\u015ftirel tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 susturmak ve daha genel anlamda K\u00fcrtlerin haklar\u0131 ve ilgili politikalara ili\u015fkin muhalif fikirlere alan b\u0131rakmamak i\u00e7in istismar edildi\u011fine; bu \u015fekilde, bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l toplanma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve adil yarg\u0131lanma haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edilmesiyle \u00fclkede halihaz\u0131rda h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren korku ikliminin daha da derinle\u015fti\u011fine i\u015faret ediyor.
\nSiyasi iktidar\u0131n K\u00fcrt sorununa y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddet politikalar\u0131n\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda kendi iktidar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 da anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle de bu sorunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye demokrasisinin geli\u015febilmesi i\u00e7in elzem oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekteyiz.
\n\u0130FADE \u00d6ZG\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011e\u00dc
\n\u00d6zellikle OHAL ilan\u0131yla birlikte siyasal iktidar\u0131n bas\u0131n \u00fczerindeki kayg\u0131 verici boyutta artan bask\u0131 ve kontrol\u00fc 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda da s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc alan\u0131nda \u00e7ok ciddi ihlaller ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu y\u0131l i\u00e7inde de gazeteci, yazar, insan haklar\u0131 savunucusu vb. \u00e7ok say\u0131da ki\u015fiye davalar a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, tutuklamalar olmu\u015f, dergi ve kitaplar toplat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022 T\u0130HV Dok\u00fcmantasyon Merkezi\u2019nin verilerine g\u00f6re 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kas\u0131m ay\u0131 itibar\u0131yla cezaevlerinde 139 gazeteci ve medya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. 2019 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk 11 ay\u0131nda 65 gazeteci g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131, 19 gazeteci ise tutukland\u0131. 32 gazeteci hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma, 19 gazeteci hakk\u0131nda dava a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. 61 gazeteci toplam 196 y\u0131l 10 ay hapis cezas\u0131yla, 5 gazeteci 42 bin T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131 para cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. 11 gazeteci sald\u0131r\u0131ya maruz kald\u0131 ve yabanc\u0131 uyruklu 2 gazeteci s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edildi. T\u00fcrkiye, S\u0131n\u0131r Tan\u0131mayan Gazeteciler \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (RSF) her y\u0131l yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 D\u00fcnya Bas\u0131n \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Endeksi\u2019nde 180 \u00fclke aras\u0131nda 157. s\u0131rada yer ald\u0131. 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise bu endeksin 99. s\u0131ras\u0131nda yer almaktayd\u0131.
\nGazetecilik faaliyetleri nedeniyle y\u00fcz binlerce lira para cezas\u0131 ve onlarca y\u0131l hapis cezas\u0131 tehdidi alt\u0131nda bulunan \u0130HD E\u015f Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Eren Keskin ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi her an hapse girme tehdidi alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.
\n11 Ocak 2016 tarihinde kamuoyuna duyurulan \u201cBu Su\u00e7a Ortak Olmayaca\u011f\u0131z\u201d bildirisini imzalad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in 784 akademisyene dava a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 5 Aral\u0131k 2017 tarihinden 17 Temmuz 2019 tarihine kadar, bu davalar\u0131n 204\u2019\u00fc sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f, t\u00fcm\u00fcnde akademisyenlerin \u2018\u00f6rg\u00fct propagandas\u0131 yapmak\u2019 ya da \u2018\u00f6rg\u00fcte yard\u0131m etmek\u2019 su\u00e7undan hapis cezalar\u0131 ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131na karar verilmi\u015fti. Sonu\u00e7lanan 204 davan\u0131n 36\u2019s\u0131nda ise h\u00fckm\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 geri b\u0131rak\u0131lmad\u0131. \u201cBu Su\u00e7a Ortak Olmayaca\u011f\u0131z\u201d bildirisinin imzac\u0131lar\u0131ndan Prof. Dr. F\u00fcsun \u00dcstel \u0130stanbul 32. A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan 4 Nisan 2018 tarihinde 1 y\u0131l 3 ay hapis cezas\u0131 ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve bu karar 25 \u015eubat 2019 tarihinde \u0130stanbul B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 3. Ceza Dairesi taraf\u0131ndan onand\u0131. 8 May\u0131s 2019 tarihinde cezaevine giren Prof. Dr. F\u00fcsun \u00dcstel 22 Temmuz 2019 tarihinde tahliye edildi. Anayasa Mahkemesi Genel Kurulu, aralar\u0131nda Prof. Dr. F\u00fcsun \u00dcstel\u2019in de oldu\u011fu bildiriye imza atan bir grup akademisyenin ba\u015fvurusunu 26 Temmuz 2019 tarihinde karara ba\u011flad\u0131 ve akademisyenlerin \u2018\u00f6rg\u00fct propagandas\u0131 yapma\u2019 su\u00e7undan cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131n ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlali oldu\u011funa, ihlalin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in karar \u00f6rne\u011finin yerel mahkemelere g\u00f6nderilmesine, ba\u015fvuruculara 9 bin lira tazminat \u00f6denmesine de h\u00fckmetti. AYM\u2019nin bu karar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan 8 Aral\u0131k 2019 tarihi itibar\u0131yla, 52\u2019si yeniden yarg\u0131lama yoluyla olmak \u00fczere, 540 akademisyen hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan davalarda beraat karar\u0131 verildi.
\n\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 4 \u015eubat 2019 tarihinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir a\u00e7\u0131klama ile 2019 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ocak ay\u0131 i\u00e7inde 4 bin 718 sosyal medya hesab\u0131 ile ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve 2 bin 111 ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda yasal i\u015flem ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurmu\u015ftu. Bu tarihten, T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri\u2019nin Kuzey ve Do\u011fu Suriye\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik operasyonunun ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 9 Ekim 2019 tarihine kadar \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sosyal medya hesaplar\u0131na ili\u015fkin inceleme ve i\u015flem bilgilerini kamuoyuna duyurmad\u0131.
\nT\u0130HV dok\u00fcmantasyon Merkezinin verilerine g\u00f6re, 2019 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk 10 ay\u0131nda sosyal medya payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle en az 1784 ki\u015fi g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131, 336 ki\u015fi tutukland\u0131.
\nKuzey ve Do\u011fu Suriye\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik askeri harekat\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 9 Ekim 2019 tarihinden 11 Ekim 2019 tarihine kadar ge\u00e7en 2 g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcrede, sosyal medyadaki payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 nedeniyle 500\u2019e yak\u0131n ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan i\u015flem ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ki\u015filerden 121\u2019i ise g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu operasyonlar yayg\u0131nla\u015farak ilerleyen g\u00fcnlerde de devam etmi\u015ftir. \u0130HD\u2019nin tespitlerine g\u00f6re operasyonun ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten 24 Ekim 2019 tarihine kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcrede 296 ki\u015fi g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve bu ki\u015filerden 57\u2019si tutuklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hakk\u0131nda i\u015flem yap\u0131lan ki\u015filerden pek \u00e7o\u011fu, \u00f6\u011frenci, siyaset\u00e7i veya insan haklar\u0131 savunucusudur.
\n2019 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk 11 ay\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli gerek\u00e7elerle 2 dergi, 3 gazete ve 2 kitap hakk\u0131nda toplatma karar\u0131 verildi. Ayr\u0131ca, 31 Mart yerel se\u00e7imleri \u00f6ncesinde HDP taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan \u00e7ok say\u0131da pankart ve afi\u015f; HDP Hakkari milletvekili ve DTK E\u015f Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Leyla G\u00fcven\u2019in cezaevinde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u00e7l\u0131k grevine ili\u015fkin afi\u015f, pankart ve \u00e7\u0131kartmalar; 25 Kas\u0131m Kad\u0131na Y\u00f6nelik \u015eiddete Kar\u015f\u0131 Uluslararas\u0131 M\u00fccadele G\u00fcn\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f bro\u015f\u00fcrler de mahkeme kararlar\u0131yla yasakland\u0131. HDP taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan \u201cKayy\u0131m Raporu\u201d hakk\u0131nda Siirt Sulh Ceza Hakimli\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan 14 Mart 2019 tarihinde toplatma karar\u0131 verildi.
\nAdalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n verilerine g\u00f6re, Ter\u00f6rle M\u00fccadele Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 6. ve 7\/2. maddesi uyar\u0131nca 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda 10 bin 745 ki\u015fiye dava a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bu rakam her y\u0131l s\u00fcrekli art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stererek 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda 24 bin 585\u2019e ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2018 istatistiklerine g\u00f6re ise 46 bin 220 ki\u015fiye soru\u015fturma a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bu ki\u015filerden 17 bin 077 ki\u015fiye dava a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.
\nAyr\u0131ca, Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n verilerine g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun 314\/2. maddesi \u2013bu t\u00fcr davalarda s\u0131kl\u0131kla kullan\u0131lan bir maddedir- kapsam\u0131nda kendilerine dava a\u00e7\u0131lan ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131 dramatik bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stererek 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda 8 bin 110\u2019dan 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda 136 bin 795\u2019e y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f veri yay\u0131nlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun yerine 309-316. maddeleri kapsayan \u201cAnayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u201d toplu olarak veri payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re 456 bin 275 ki\u015fiye soru\u015fturma a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bu ki\u015filerden 90 bin 197\u2019sine kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, 149 bin 680\u2019ine kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair karar verilmi\u015ftir. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00fcyeli\u011fi kapsam\u0131nda su\u00e7lanan insan say\u0131s\u0131nda ciddi bir art\u0131\u015f meydana gelmi\u015ftir.
\nAlevilerin e\u015fit yurtta\u015fl\u0131k hakk\u0131 talepleri 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda da kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A\u0130HM\u2019nin zorunlu din derslerinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve cemevlerinin ibadethane olarak kabul edilmesi ile ilgili kararlar\u0131n\u0131n gere\u011fi yerine getirilmemi\u015ftir. Ancak 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yarg\u0131tay Aleviler lehine karar vermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Alevi, H\u0131ristiyan ve Yahudiler radikal s\u00fcnni ve \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 gruplar\u0131n tehdit ve nefret s\u00f6ylemlerine maruz kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\nAyr\u0131ca ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan do\u011frudan do\u011fruya yasaklay\u0131c\u0131 ve cezaland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler i\u00e7eren Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019na hakareti d\u00fczenleyen TCK\u2019nin 299. maddesi ile T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011fe hakareti d\u00fczenleyen TCK\u2019nin 301. maddesi uyar\u0131nca toplam 36 bin 664 ki\u015fiye soru\u015fturma a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bu soru\u015fturmalar sonucunda izin verilenlerden 6 bin 131\u2019ine kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, 11 bin 337\u2019sinde kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair karar verilmi\u015ftir.
\nVicdani ret hakk\u0131n\u0131n h\u00e2l\u00e2 tan\u0131nmamas\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir insan hakk\u0131 ihlali olarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumaktad\u0131r.
\nAdalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n May\u0131s 2019\u2019da a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yarg\u0131 Reformu Strateji belgesi uyar\u0131nca haz\u0131rlanan ve 24 Ekim 2019 tarihinde \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 1. Yarg\u0131 Paketi\u2019nde ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc cezaland\u0131ran kanun maddeleri ile ilgili verilecek hapis cezalar\u0131na sadece Yarg\u0131tay temyiz yolu a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bu maddeler su\u00e7 olarak devam ettirilmi\u015ftir.
\n\u00d6RG\u00dcTLENME \u00d6ZG\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011e\u00dc ve \u0130NSAN HAKLARI \u00d6RG\u00dcTLER\u0130 VE SAVUNUCULAR \u00dcZER\u0130NDEK\u0130 BASKILAR
\n2019 y\u0131l\u0131 da ba\u015fta kurumlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n y\u00f6netici, \u00fcye ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan haklar\u0131 savunucusunun BM \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Savunucular\u0131n\u0131n Korunmas\u0131 Bildirgesi\u2019nde yer alan ilkeler \u00e7i\u011fnenerek g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, tutukland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir y\u0131l olmu\u015ftur:
\n1 Haziran 2019 tarihi itibar\u0131yla \u0130HD y\u00f6neticilerine a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan dava say\u0131s\u0131 500\u2019den fazlad\u0131r. Sadece \u0130HD E\u015f Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Eren Keskin\u2019e toplam 143 dava a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eren Keskin hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan davalardan birinde 29 Mart 2018 tarihinde, T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun 299. ve 301. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca 7,5 y\u0131l hapis cezas\u0131 ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.
\n\u0130HD Malatya \u015eube Ba\u015fkan\u0131 G\u00f6n\u00fcl \u00d6zt\u00fcrko\u011flu 27 Kas\u0131m 2018\u2019de g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131p tutukland\u0131 ve 22 Mart 2019\u2019da tahliye edildi, \u0130HD Bitlis eski temsilcisi Hasan Ceylan ve \u0130HD Dersim \u015eube y\u00f6neticisi \u00d6zg\u00fcr Ate\u015f h\u00fckmen tutukludur. \u0130HD Kars \u015eube Ba\u015fkan\u0131 G\u00fcldane K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 30 Temmuz 2019 tarihinde g\u00fcn\u00fc tutukland\u0131. 29 Eyl\u00fcl 2019 tarihinde \u0130HD Dersim \u015eube Ba\u015fkan\u0131 G\u00fcrb\u00fcz Solmaz g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131. \u0130HD MYK \u00fcyesi, Gen\u00e7a\u011fa Karafazl\u0131 17 Eyl\u00fcl 2019 tarihinde u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 silahl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 sonucu yaraland\u0131. 27 Kas\u0131m 2019 tarihinde sabah\u0131n erken saatlerinde g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u0130HD Ankara \u015eube Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Fatin Kanat, 29 Kas\u0131m 2019 tarihinde adli kontrol ile serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.
\nT\u0130HV\u2019nin kurucular\u0131, Ba\u015fkan\u0131, y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyeleri ve g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fclerine y\u00f6nelik de en az 30 soru\u015fturma ve dava s\u00fcreci s\u00fcrmektedir.
\nBunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, T\u0130HV ve \u0130HD gibi insan haklar\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fczel ki\u015filiklerine y\u00f6nelik hem idari hem de adli soru\u015fturmalar s\u00f6z konusudur. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin g\u00fcneydo\u011fusunda yer alan soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kma yasa\u011f\u0131 uygulanan yerle\u015fim birimlerindeki a\u011f\u0131r\/ciddi insan haklar\u0131 ihlallerinin belgelenmesi kapsam\u0131nda T\u0130HV, \u0130HD, G\u00fcndem \u00c7ocuk Derne\u011fi, SES ve Diyarbak\u0131r Barosu ile birlikte Cizre ziyaretinden sonra haz\u0131rlanan rapor ile ilgili olarak ba\u015flat\u0131lan soru\u015fturma s\u00fcre\u00e7leri s\u00fcrmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, \u0130HD\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 devam etmekte olan iki ayr\u0131 soru\u015fturma bulunmaktad\u0131r.
\n5 Temmuz 2017\u2019de 8 insan haklar\u0131 savunucusu ve 2 dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n Uluslararas\u0131 Af \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye birimi taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen insan haklar\u0131 savunucular\u0131n\u0131n refah\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi konulu at\u00f6lye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 s\u0131rada \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fckada\u2019da g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 ile ba\u015flayan dava s\u00fcreci s\u00fcrmektedir.
\nAyr\u0131ca \u00d6HD \u00fcyesi \u0130zmir Barosuna kay\u0131tl\u0131 Av. Fuat \u015eeng\u00fcl mesleki faaliyetlerinden kaynakl\u0131 Bal\u0131kesir Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n karar\u0131yla 20 Kas\u0131m 2019 tarihinde g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131p 21 Kas\u0131m 2019 tarihinde tutuklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130HD y\u00f6neticisi Gaziantep Barosuna kay\u0131tl\u0131 Av. Ahmet Hartavi de 14 Kas\u0131m 2019 tarihinde Gaziantep Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n karar\u0131yla g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f daha sonra adli kontrol \u015fart\u0131yla serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kocaeli Barosuna kay\u0131tl\u0131 Av. Zakire D\u00fcndar Ayd\u0131n ve Av. Y\u00fcksel Gen\u00e7 26 Kas\u0131m 2019 tarihinde Kocaeli Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n karar\u0131yla g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131 3 Aral\u0131k 2019 tarihinde serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\n\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Hukuk\u00e7ular Derne\u011fi Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Sel\u00e7uk Koza\u011fa\u00e7l\u0131 ile birlikte dernek y\u00f6neticisi ve \u00fcyesi \u00e7ok say\u0131da avukat halen h\u00fckmen tutukludur.
\nT\u00fcrk Tabipler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin (TTB) Merkez Konseyi \u00fcyeleri ile Kamu Emek\u00e7ileri Sendikalar\u0131 Konfederasyonu (KESK) MYK \u00fcyeleri hakk\u0131nda yapt\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar nedeniyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davalar hala s\u00fcrmektedir.
\nPek \u00e7ok sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcnde kurucu \u00fcye, y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyesi veya dan\u0131\u015fma kurulu \u00fcyesi olan Osman Kavala ise, 19 Ekim 2017 tarihinde g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, 14 g\u00fcnl\u00fck g\u00f6zalt\u0131 s\u00fcresinin sonunda \u0130stanbul Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nca ifadesi al\u0131nmaks\u0131z\u0131n tutuklamaya sevk edilmi\u015f, 1 Kas\u0131m 2017 tarihinde \u0130stanbul 1. Sulh Ceza Hakimli\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan TCK\u2019n\u0131n 309. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen \u2018Anayasal d\u00fczeni ortadan kald\u0131rmak\u2019 ve 312. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen \u2018h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ortadan kald\u0131rmak\u2019 su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan tutuklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yan\u0131 s\u0131ra 16 Kas\u0131m 2018 tarihinde g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nan 13 akademisyen ve hak savunucusunun 12\u2019si serbest b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rken Yi\u011fit Aksako\u011flu tutuklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gezi davas\u0131 ad\u0131yla bilinen davada Osman Kavala ve Yi\u011fit Aksako\u011flu ile birlikte toplam 16 ki\u015finin yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131na 24 Haziran 2019 tarihinde ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yi\u011fit Aksako\u011flu 26 Haziran 2019 tarihinde tahliye edilirken, Osman Kavala halen tutuklu olarak yarg\u0131lanmaktad\u0131r. A\u0130HM ise Osman Kavala’n\u0131n ba\u015fvurusuna ili\u015fkin karar\u0131n\u0131 10 Aral\u0131k 2019 tarihinde a\u00e7\u0131klayacakt\u0131r.
\n\u00d6zellikle bir siyasi partiye y\u00f6nelik (HDP) yarg\u0131 yolu ile \u00fclke sath\u0131nda yayg\u0131n ve tekrarlayan g\u00f6zalt\u0131 ve tutuklamalar demokratik siyasete do\u011frudan m\u00fcdahaledir. HDP y\u00f6netici ve \u00fcyelerine y\u00f6nelik kesintisiz g\u00f6zalt\u0131 ve tutuklamalar d\u00fcnya rekorlar\u0131na girecek boyuta ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f olup bu konuda \u00f6zel rapor \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. \u00d6zellikle de 24 Haziran 2018 ve 31 Mart 2019 se\u00e7im s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde HDP \u00fcye ve y\u00f6neticilerine y\u00f6nelik g\u00f6zalt\u0131 ve tutuklama uygulamas\u0131 daha da artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nTOPLANTI ve G\u00d6STER\u0130 \u00d6ZG\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011e\u00dc
\n2019 y\u0131l\u0131 kural olarak bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak keyfi bir \u015fekilde izin verildi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde istisnai olarak toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri yap\u0131labilece\u011finin ola\u011fan hale getirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir y\u0131l olarak ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015f ile 2019 y\u0131l\u0131 bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131l gibi toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da ihlallerin ve k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n kural haline getirildi\u011fi bir y\u0131l olmu\u015ftur.
\n\u2022 OHAL d\u00f6neminde OHAL Kanunu\u2019ndaki anti-demokratik d\u00fczenlemelerin verdi\u011fi yetki ile bir\u00e7ok ilin valilikleri \u00e7e\u015fitli toplant\u0131, g\u00f6steri ve etkinlikler i\u00e7in tek seferlik ve belli bir g\u00fcne\/eyleme y\u00f6nelik veya ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k olarak t\u00fcm eylemleri kapsayacak \u015fekilde yasaklama kararlar\u0131 almakta idiler. Her ne kadar OHAL uygulamas\u0131 19 Temmuz 2018 itibariyle sona ermi\u015f ise de ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc haldeki benzeri uygulamalar halen s\u00fcrmektedir. Bu yasaklamalar jeotermal santrallerin olumsuz etkileri ile ilgili bir toplant\u0131dan lise ve \u00fcniversite \u015fenliklerine, k\u00fclt\u00fcr sanat ve do\u011fa festivallerinden LGBT\u0130+ etkinliklerine kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6stermektedir.
\n\u2022 T\u0130HV Dok\u00fcmantasyon Merkezi\u2019nin verilerine g\u00f6re 2019 y\u0131l\u0131n ilk 11 ay\u0131nda belli bir g\u00fcne\/eyleme y\u00f6nelik 61 etkinlik yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yine ayn\u0131 s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde valilikler ve az say\u0131da olmak \u00fczere kaymakaml\u0131klar taraf\u0131ndan t\u00fcm eylem ve etkinlikler 2 g\u00fcn ile 1 ay aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen s\u00fcrelerde en az 96 kez yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 30 Kas\u0131m 2019 itibar\u0131yla kesintisiz eylem yasa\u011f\u0131 Van’da 1111 g\u00fcne, Hakkari’de ise 255 g\u00fcne ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022 2019 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk 11 ay\u0131nda kolluk g\u00fc\u00e7leri toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6sterilere y\u00f6nelik 1274 kez m\u00fcdahalede bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu sald\u0131r\u0131lar s\u0131ras\u0131nda en az 69 ki\u015fi yaralanm\u0131\u015f, 3741 ki\u015fi g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 35 ki\u015fi tutuklan\u0131rken 15 ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda ev hapsi, 120 ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda ise adli kontrol karar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.
\nCezas\u0131zl\u0131kla m\u00fccadele ve adalet arama ekseninde \u00f6zellikle Cumartesi Anneleri ile Bar\u0131\u015f Anneleri\u2019nin, kay\u0131p yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n ve insan haklar\u0131 savunucular\u0131n\u0131n \u0130HD \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u201cKay\u0131plar Bulunsun Failler Yarg\u0131lans\u0131n\u201d haftal\u0131k oturma eylemleri her t\u00fcrl\u00fc bask\u0131 ve yasaklamaya kar\u015f\u0131 \u0131srarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. \u0130nsan haklar\u0131 savunucular\u0131n\u0131n adalet aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 bu \u015fekilde kesintisiz olarak s\u00fcrecektir.
\nBu yasaklamalardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 siyasal iktidar\u0131n zihniyet d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karan sembolik \u00f6neme sahiptir. LBGT\u0130+\u2019lar\u0131n y\u0131llard\u0131r ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikleri Trans ve Onur Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri bu y\u0131l da bir\u00e7ok ilde yasakland\u0131. T\u00fcm bu yasaklara ve m\u00fcdahalelere kar\u015f\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli illerde insanlar bir araya gelmi\u015ftir.
\nAdalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n resmi verilerine g\u00f6re ise 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda 2911 Say\u0131l\u0131 Toplant\u0131 ve G\u00f6steri Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri Kanunu\u2019na muhalefet ettikleri iddias\u0131yla 8 bin 728 ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bunlardan 4 bin 837 ki\u015fiye kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2018 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n OHAL alt\u0131nda ge\u00e7mesine ve di\u011fer yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 7145 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunla valilere tan\u0131nan OHAL yetkilerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131yla yayg\u0131n olarak yasaklamalarla ge\u00e7mesine ra\u011fmen bu kadar \u00e7ok ki\u015fiye dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 bask\u0131 ortam\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar kuvvetlice uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.
\nSE\u00c7ME VE SE\u00c7\u0130LME HAKKI \u0130HLALER\u0130
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de se\u00e7imlerin demokratik, adil ve d\u00fcr\u00fcst se\u00e7im ilkesine g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmedi\u011fine dair \u00f6teden beri yo\u011fun ele\u015ftiriler ve g\u00f6zlem raporlar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Nitekim AG\u0130T, Avrupa Konseyi Parlamenterler Asamblesi gibi resmi olarak uluslararas\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z se\u00e7im g\u00f6zlemcili\u011fi yapan kurulu\u015flar ile \u0130HD ve E\u015fit Haklar \u0130\u00e7in \u0130zleme Derne\u011fi (ESH\u0130D) gibi ulusal d\u00fczeyde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z izleme yapmak isteyen ama izin verilmeyen kurulu\u015flar\u0131n yay\u0131nlad\u0131klar\u0131 raporlar bu ele\u015ftirileri hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r niteliktedir.
\n31 Mart 2019 g\u00fcn\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen yerel se\u00e7imlerle ilgili olarak \u0130HD\u2019nin haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7im s\u00fcreci ile ilgili raporda \u00e7e\u015fitli tespit ve \u00f6neriler yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re, AG\u0130T kriterlerine g\u00f6re antidemokratik bir se\u00e7im s\u00fcreci ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f, 31 Mart se\u00e7im sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 siyasi iktidar lehine de\u011fi\u015ftirilmek istenmi\u015f, bu kapsamda \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediye Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imleri yenilenmi\u015f HDP\u2019nin kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 5 il\u00e7e belediyesine KHK ile ihra\u00e7 edilen ki\u015filerin se\u00e7ildi\u011fi bahane edilerek bu ki\u015filerin mazbatalar\u0131 iptal edilip adeta belediyeye el konulmu\u015f, se\u00e7imi ikinci s\u0131rada tamamlayan AKP\u2019li adaylara mazbata verilerek se\u00e7im hediye edilmi\u015f, KHK ile ihra\u00e7 edilmi\u015f belediye meclis ve il genel meclis \u00fcyelerinin mazbatalar\u0131na el konularak sonra gelen ki\u015filerin se\u00e7ildi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bir nevi OHAL d\u00f6nemindeki kayy\u0131m uygulamas\u0131 YSK eli ile s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu anti-demokratik uygulamalara kar\u015f\u0131 muhalefet partilerinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 itirazlar kabul edilmemi\u015f, ancak iktidar partilerinin itirazlar\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir.
\nKADINA Y\u00d6NEL\u0130K \u015e\u0130DDET SORUNU
\nKad\u0131nlar\u0131n haklar\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda 2019 yine bir\u00e7ok hak bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ihlalin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir y\u0131l oldu. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ya\u015fam haklar\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri engellendi.
\n2019 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk 11 ay\u0131nda en az 305 kad\u0131n erkek \u015fiddeti nedeniyle hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. En az 46 kad\u0131n tecav\u00fcze, 204 kad\u0131n tacize, 556 kad\u0131n \u015fiddete maruz kald\u0131. Resmi rakamlar ise \u015fiddete u\u011frayan kad\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 10 binlerle ifade edildi\u011fini, \u015fiddet sonucu ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitiren kad\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ise daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.
\n8 Mart D\u00fcnya Kad\u0131nlar G\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7in eylem yapmak isteyen kad\u0131nlar bir\u00e7ok ilde yasaklama, engelleme ve m\u00fcdahaleyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131lar. \u0130stanbul\u2019da, 2003\u2019ten bu yana kesintisiz bir \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen 8 Mart Feminist Gece Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc bu sene engellendi. 17. Feminist Gece Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc i\u00e7in kad\u0131nlar \u0130stanbul Beyo\u011flu’nda Frans\u0131z K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulu\u015ftu. Her y\u0131l oldu\u011fu gibi \u0130stiklal Caddesi boyunca y\u00fcr\u00fcmek isteyen kad\u0131nlar, polisin barikat\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131lar. Barikat kurarak kad\u0131nlar\u0131 engelleyemeyen polis, gaz s\u0131karak \u0130stiklal Caddesi’ndeki eylemcilere sald\u0131rd\u0131. Kad\u0131nlar Taksim’in ara sokaklar\u0131nda eylemi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.
\n8 Mart 2019 tarihinde \u0130zmir\u2019de Ege \u00dcniversitesi kamp\u00fcs\u00fcnde 8 Mart etkinli\u011fi yapmak isteyen ki\u015filere polis ve \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlileri m\u00fcdahale etti ve 9 ki\u015fiyi g\u00f6zalt\u0131na ald\u0131.
\n25 Kas\u0131m Kad\u0131na Y\u00f6nelik \u015eiddete Kar\u015f\u0131 Uluslararas\u0131 M\u00fccadele ve Dayan\u0131\u015fma G\u00fcn\u00fc dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u0130stanbul\u2019un Beyo\u011flu il\u00e7esinde T\u00fcnel Meydan\u0131\u2019nda yap\u0131lacak y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f Beyo\u011flu Kaymakaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yasakland\u0131. Batman Belediyesi\u2019ne ait \u201c\u015eiddete kar\u015f\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131 savunuyoruz\u201d, \u201cBiz kad\u0131nlar birlikte g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcy\u00fcz\u201d ve \u201cKad\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddete hay\u0131r\u201d sloganlar\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 olan mor renkli 4 toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma arac\u0131 21 Kas\u0131m 2019 tarihinde polis taraf\u0131ndan durdurularak \u2018siyasi propaganda yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019 gerek\u00e7esiyle trafi\u011fe \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 engellendi.
\n\u0130stanbul S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131ndan 11 May\u0131s 2011 tarihinde imzalanm\u0131\u015f ve 14 Mart 2012 tarihinde onaylanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin amac\u0131, kad\u0131nlar\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u015fiddete kar\u015f\u0131 korumak ve kad\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddet ve ev i\u00e7i \u015fiddeti \u00f6nlemek, kovu\u015fturmak ve ortadan kald\u0131rmak; kad\u0131na y\u00f6nelik her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunmak ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme yolu da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere kad\u0131nlarla erkekler aras\u0131nda maddi (fiili) e\u015fitli\u011fi sa\u011flamak; ev i\u00e7i \u015fiddetin t\u00fcm ma\u011fdurlar\u0131n\u0131n ve kad\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddet ma\u011fdurlar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve bunlara yard\u0131m edilmesi i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7eve, politika ve \u00f6nlemler geli\u015ftirmek; kad\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddeti ve ev i\u00e7i \u015fiddeti ortadan kald\u0131rma amac\u0131yla uluslararas\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011fini yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmak; kad\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddet ve ev i\u00e7i \u015fiddetin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n benimsenmesi maksad\u0131yla kurulu\u015flar\u0131n ve kolluk kuvvetleri birimlerinin birbiriyle etkili bir bi\u00e7imde i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmalar\u0131na destek ve yard\u0131m sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Ancak ya\u015fananlar bu s\u00f6zle\u015fme maddelerinin nas\u0131l uygulanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, maddelerine riayet edilmedi\u011fi, kurumsalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.
\nM\u00dcLTEC\u0130LER\/SI\u011eINMACILAR\/G\u00d6\u00c7MENLER
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 1951 Cenevre S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019ne koydu\u011fu co\u011frafi s\u0131n\u0131rlama nedeniyle hukuki anlamda m\u00fclteci stat\u00fcs\u00fc alabilmi\u015f yaln\u0131zca 28 ki\u015fi bulunuyor. Ancak ger\u00e7ek anlam\u0131yla ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n son a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de toplam m\u00fclteci say\u0131s\u0131 4,9 milyondur. Bunun 3 milyon 634 bini ge\u00e7ici koruma kapsam\u0131nda, 337 bini uluslararas\u0131 koruma kapsam\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r.
\nM\u00fclteciler konusunda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin tutumu 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda da de\u011fi\u015fmemi\u015ftir. M\u00fcltecilerin sorunlar\u0131na kal\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler \u00fcretilememektedir; izlenen politikalar k\u0131sa vadeli ve birlikte ya\u015fam\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmaktan uzakt\u0131r. Suriye\u2019de devam eden sava\u015f nedeniyle 2011 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kalan ki\u015filerin say\u0131s\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki kay\u0131tl\u0131 Suriyeli say\u0131s\u0131 21 Kas\u0131m 2019 tarihi itibar\u0131yla toplam 3 milyon 687 bin 244 ki\u015fi oldu. Kay\u0131tl\u0131 olmayanlar da d\u00e2hil edildi\u011finde tahminlere g\u00f6re toplam say\u0131 4 milyonun \u00fczerindedir. Bu ki\u015filer T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de sekizinci y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 tamamlam\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen hukuken \u201cge\u00e7ici koruma stat\u00fcs\u00fc\u201dndedirler ve iltica hakk\u0131na eri\u015fememektedirler. Di\u011fer hak ve hizmetler ise b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda Suriye\u2019den gelenlere odaklanmakta; say\u0131lar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 500 bini bulan Afganistan, \u0130ran ve Afrika \u00fclkelerinden gelen m\u00fclteciler g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de t\u00fcm m\u00fcltecilerin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu g\u00fcvencesizlik hali, zorunlu olarak \u00fclkelerinden ayr\u0131lan bu ki\u015filerin, daha g\u00fcvenli ba\u015fka \u00fclkeler aramas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r.
\nT\u00fcrkiye, Avrupa Birli\u011fi ile 16 Aral\u0131k 2013 tarihinde imzalanan \u201cGeri Kabul Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u201d ile T\u00fcrkiye \u00fczerinden AB\u2019ye d\u00fczensiz yollardan ge\u00e7i\u015f yapan ya da T\u00fcrkiye \u00fczerinden AB\u2019ye ula\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra bilahare d\u00fczensiz duruma d\u00fc\u015fen g\u00f6\u00e7menleri \u201cgeri kabul etmekle\u201d y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu. Anla\u015fma, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin g\u00fcvenli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclke oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131m\u0131na dayanmaktayd\u0131. Bu antla\u015fma \u00e7er\u00e7evesindeki uygulamalara muhatap olacak g\u00f6\u00e7men ve m\u00fcltecilerin uluslararas\u0131 hukuk, AB standartlar\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ulusal mevzuatlar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 noktas\u0131nda ciddi endi\u015feler ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Bug\u00fcn gelinen noktada endi\u015felerimizin ne kadar yerinde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmenin \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc ya\u015f\u0131yoruz.
\n\u201cGeri Kabul Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u201d da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere AB ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n di\u011fer \u00fclkeleri m\u00fcltecileri \u00fclkelerine kabul etmeyerek bu insanl\u0131k trajedisi do\u011frudan ortak olmaktad\u0131rlar. G\u00fcvenli olmayan deniz ya da kara yolcuklar\u0131nda hayatlar risk alt\u0131na giriyor ve insan ticareti yapan simsarlar\u0131n ellerinde ya\u015famlar yok oluyor. Kamplarda yokluk, i\u015fkence, hakaret alt\u0131nda ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 devam ettiriyorlar. Kentlerde \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n yeni odaklar\u0131 haline getiriliyorlar.
\nM\u00fcltecileri g\u00fcvencesiz ve belirsizlik i\u00e7inde b\u0131rakan yasal d\u00fczenlemeler ile h\u00fck\u00fcmetin siyasi tutumundaki belirsizlikler neticesinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin m\u00fcltecilere y\u00f6nelik izledi\u011fi politikalar, toplumsal uzla\u015fmaya dayal\u0131 kal\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler geli\u015ftirmekten uzak ve k\u0131sa vadeli olmu\u015ftur. Bu politikalar\u0131n bir sonucu olarak son birka\u00e7 haftad\u0131r \u00f6zellikle Suriyeli m\u00fclteciler \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131lar\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131na, ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131na k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar getirildi\u011fine tan\u0131kl\u0131k ediyoruz. Ayr\u0131ca bir\u00e7ok Suriyeli m\u00fcltecinin s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edildi\u011fi, baz\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f belgelerinin r\u0131zalar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda imzalat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair haber ve bilgiler mevcut.
\n\u0130stanbul Valili\u011fi\u2019nin \u0130stanbul ilinde kayd\u0131 olmayan (di\u011fer illere kay\u0131tl\u0131) Suriyeli m\u00fcltecileri, kay\u0131tl\u0131 bulunduklar\u0131 illere geri d\u00f6nmeleri i\u00e7in verdi\u011fi s\u00fcre ve belirtilen s\u00fcre sonunda geri d\u00f6nmedi\u011fi tespit edilenlerin, \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n talimat\u0131 do\u011frultusunda kay\u0131tl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 illere sevk edilece\u011fini duyurdu\u011fu 22 Temmuz 2019 tarihli \u201cD\u00fczensiz G\u00f6\u00e7le M\u00fccadele\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 bu haberleri do\u011frular niteliktedir. \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 S\u00fcleyman Soylu da konuyla ilgili yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada \u201cT\u00fcrkiye bu i\u015fi kararl\u0131l\u0131kla y\u00fcr\u00fctmezse Avrupa\u2019daki hi\u00e7bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet alt\u0131 ay dayanamaz. \u0130sterlerse deneyelim\u201d demi\u015ftir. Devletin m\u00fcltecileri i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f politika i\u00e7in ara\u00e7salla\u015ft\u0131ran bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fcltecilerin ya\u015fam ve bar\u0131nma haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edilmesine zemin sunmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar m\u00fcltecilerin g\u00fcvencesizli\u011fini peki\u015ftirmekte, temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Ayr\u0131ca \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u201cAfrika\u2019dan gelmi\u015f 10 liraya saat sat\u0131yor, m\u00fcsaade etmeyece\u011fiz\u201d s\u00f6ylemiyle sanki ekonomik sorunlardan m\u00fclteciler sorumluymu\u015f gibi bir alg\u0131 yarat\u0131lmas\u0131 kabul edilemez. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmeleri i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131 ellerinden al\u0131namaz. Gereken tedbir, m\u00fcltecilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131, g\u00fcvenli ve emeklerinin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 alabilecekleri ortam\u0131n yarat\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.
\nBulunduklar\u0131 illerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131 yasak olan, bir\u00e7ok k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7inde ya\u015famak zorunda kalan m\u00fcltecilerin sorunlar\u0131 ortada durmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma izninin al\u0131nmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik b\u00fcrokratik zorluklar ve izne sadece i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015fvuru yap\u0131labiliyor olmas\u0131, m\u00fcltecilerin y\u0131llard\u0131r kay\u0131ts\u0131z ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 beraberinde getirmektedir. Pratikte bu haktan faydalanamayan m\u00fclteciler, kendilerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alanlar\u0131 a\u00e7maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar. \u0130n\u015faatlarda, merdiven alt\u0131 imalathanelerde, tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli sanayide kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvencesiz olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar. E\u011fitim hakk\u0131na \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 eri\u015febilmekte, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bar\u0131nma imkanlar\u0131ndan yoksundurlar; tedavi olanaklar\u0131 insan onuruna yak\u0131\u015f\u0131r d\u00fczeyde de\u011fildir ve \u00e7o\u011fu bu k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 imkanlara dahi nas\u0131l ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmemektedir. Bir\u00e7ok alanda \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 ve ayr\u0131mc\u0131 uygulamalara maruz kalmalar\u0131 da sosyalle\u015fme olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamaktad\u0131r. K\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 erken ya\u015fta evliliklere zorlanmakta ve istismara kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131z hale getirilmektedir. \u00c7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7ilik de m\u00fclteci ve s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 en \u00f6nemli sorunlardan bir di\u011feridir.
\nUnutulmamal\u0131 ki \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Evrensel Bildirgesi\u2019nin 14. maddesine g\u00f6re \u201cherkesin zul\u00fcm alt\u0131nda ba\u015fka \u00fclkelere s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma ve s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma olanaklar\u0131ndan yararlanma\u201d hakk\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u0130nsan ya\u015fam\u0131 ve do\u011fu\u015ftan gelen haklar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de taraf oldu\u011fu s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerle garanti alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00fclteciler ve s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en temel koruma, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 1961\u2019de taraf oldu\u011fu Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler M\u00fcltecilerin Hukuki Stat\u00fcs\u00fcne \u0130li\u015fkin Cenevre S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019dir. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin 33. maddesi ile d\u00fczenlenen \u201cGeri G\u00f6ndermeme\u201d ilkesi hayati \u00f6neme sahiptir ve Yabanc\u0131lar ve Uluslararas\u0131 Koruma Kanunu\u2019nda da yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu ilke do\u011frultusunda \u00fclkesindeki tehlikenin ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ispatlanmadan, m\u00fcltecilerin geri g\u00f6nderilmemesi gerekmektedir.
\nM\u00fcltecilerin siyaset\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan i\u00e7 politika malzemesi yap\u0131lmas\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 arenada tehdit unsuru olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 kabul edilemez. Suriyeli m\u00fcltecilerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Afganistan, Irak, \u0130ran ve Afrika\u2019n\u0131n farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerinden gelen m\u00fcltecilerin de s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmeleri hak ihlallerinin ya\u015fanmas\u0131na, ya\u015fam kay\u0131plar\u0131na neden olaca\u011f\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015flemlerine ve bask\u0131lara derhal son verilmelidir. M\u00fcltecilerin ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131 ve do\u011fu\u015ftan gelen haklar\u0131 koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nmal\u0131, bir arada ya\u015fama y\u00f6n\u00fcnde hak temelli politikalar geli\u015ftirilmelidir. Toplumu manip\u00fcle eden ayr\u0131mc\u0131 s\u00f6ylem ve uygulamalardan biran \u00f6nce vazge\u00e7ilmeli ve m\u00fcltecilerin kendi r\u0131zalar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm uygulamalara acilen son verilmelidir.
\nM\u00fcltecilerin sorun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemli konulardan biri de Geri G\u00f6nderme Merkezleri\u2019dir (GGM). Ba\u015fta avukata eri\u015fimin \u00f6nemli bir sorun oldu\u011fu GGM\u2019lerde uzun kal\u0131\u015f s\u00fcreleri ve yetersiz bilgilendirme, burada kalan ki\u015fileri ciddi bir belirsizli\u011fe s\u00fcr\u00fcklemektedir. Bu durum, m\u00fcltecileri istemedikleri halde \u00fclkelerine \u201cg\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fe\u201d itmektedir. Bu d\u00f6nemde ulusal medya ve sosyal medyada m\u00fcltecilere y\u00f6nelik ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve nefret s\u00f6yleminin \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Takip eden d\u00f6nemde de muhalefet partilerinin, iktidara y\u00f6nelik ele\u015ftirilerinde m\u00fcltecilerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir yer tuttu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.
\nEKONOM\u0130K VE SOSYAL HAKLAR
\nOHAL KHK\u2019lar\u0131 ile kamudan (135 bin) ve \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rden ihra\u00e7 edilip i\u015fsiz b\u0131rak\u0131lan 200 bin civar\u0131nda emek\u00e7inin aileleri ile birlikte yakla\u015f\u0131k bir milyon insan a\u00e7l\u0131\u011fa mahk\u00fbm edilmi\u015ftir. Sivil \u00f6l\u00fcm diye tabir edebilece\u011fimiz ihra\u00e7lar \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r bir ekonomik ve sosyal hak ihlali olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. OHAL Komisyonu\u2019nun bu hali ile \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00fcretmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. B\u00fct\u00fcn ihra\u00e7lar\u0131n tek bir KHK ile geri al\u0131n\u0131p kurumlar\u0131n kendi i\u00e7inde disiplin soru\u015fturma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin i\u015fletilerek darbe te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fc ile ili\u015fkili olanlar\u0131n tespiti yap\u0131labilir. \u0130hra\u00e7larda \u201ciltisak\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n tamamen hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle OHAL gerek\u00e7esine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak sadece darbe te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fc hususu ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak karar verilebilir.
\nOHAL ko\u015fullar\u0131nda k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 olan i\u015f\u00e7i haklar\u0131 daha da geriye gitmi\u015ftir. Yap\u0131labilecek baz\u0131 grevler ertelenerek T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de fiili grev yasaklar\u0131 dayat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Emek\u00e7ilerin hak arama eylemleri kriminalize edilerek i\u015f\u00e7iler \u00fczerinde yarg\u0131 bask\u0131s\u0131 kurulmas\u0131 siyasi iktidar\u0131n ekonomik ve sosyal haklardan ne kadar \u00e7ok uzakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.
\n\u0130\u015f\u00e7i katliamlar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n giderek artmas\u0131 ise olduk\u00e7a vahimdir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130\u015f G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Meclis\u2019inin verilerine g\u00f6re i\u015f kazalar\u0131\/cinayetleri sonucu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 2019 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk 11 ay\u0131nda en az 1606 i\u015f\u00e7i i\u015f cinayetlerinde ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi. \u00d6len i\u015f\u00e7ilerin sadece birinin sendikal\u0131 oldu\u011funu da belirtmek isteriz. Son y\u0131llarda i\u015f kazas\u0131 ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yetiren i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli y\u00fckseli\u015f vard\u0131r. Ge\u00e7im s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ile intihar vakalar\u0131nda da ciddi bir art\u0131\u015f e\u011filimi g\u00f6zlemlenmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de intiharlar\u0131n \u00f6nemli nedenlerinden birisi ge\u00e7im s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00dc\u0130K\u2019in ilgili istatistiklerinde \u201cintihar nedeni\u201d olarak \u201cge\u00e7im zorlu\u011fu\u201d \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc incelendi\u011finde AKP\u2019nin iktidarda oldu\u011fu 2002 ile 2018 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 4 bin 481 ki\u015finin intihar etti\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.
\nKamu veya \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde ilk defa i\u015fe girecekler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ise dayat\u0131lan g\u00fcvenlik soru\u015fturmalar\u0131 sonucu on binlerce ki\u015fi i\u015fe ba\u015flat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yaln\u0131z sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczlerce yeni mezun hekim i\u015fe ba\u015flat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. OHAL d\u00f6neminde 29 Ekim 2016 tarihinde \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 676 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK ile getirilen atamalarda \u201cg\u00fcvenlik soru\u015fturmas\u0131 ve ar\u015fiv ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131\u201d, Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nce Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulunarak iptal edildi. Karar\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde, g\u00fcvenlik soru\u015fturmas\u0131 ve ar\u015fiv ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda \u00f6zel bilgilerin al\u0131nmas\u0131, kaydedilmesi ve saklanmas\u0131, \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rlama olarak de\u011ferlendirildi. Kararda ayr\u0131ca, d\u00fczenlemenin kamu makamlar\u0131n\u0131n tedbir uygulama ve \u00f6zel hayat\u0131n gizlili\u011fine m\u00fcdahale s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6stermedi\u011fi ifade edildi. Bu yetkinin k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi de vurguland\u0131. Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin karar\u0131n\u0131n ivedilikle uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve ma\u011fduriyetlerin giderilmesini talep ediyoruz.
\nEkonomik krizin etkisi ile i\u015fsizlik giderek artmakta ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak yoksulluk yayg\u0131nla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u0130nsan haklar\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131 insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 korkudan ve yoksulluktan kurtarmakt\u0131r. Bu nedenle \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nem ekonomik ve sosyal hak alan\u0131nda daha fazla m\u00fccadele edilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

Son s\u00f6z yerine; insan eliyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00f6nlenebilir olan T\u00fcrkiye ve d\u00fcnyadaki bu k\u00f6t\u00fcc\u00fcl s\u00fcrecin son bulmas\u0131 ve bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l, demokratik, insan haklar\u0131na dayal\u0131 bir ortak ya\u015fam idealini geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok daha fazla \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterece\u011fimiz a\u015fik\u00e2rd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Derne\u011fi \u0130zmir \u015eubesi, T\u00fcrkiye \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Vakf\u0131 \u0130zmir Temsilcili\u011fi<\/p>\n

\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u0130\u00e7in Hukuk\u00e7ular Derne\u011fi \u0130zmir \u015eubesi, \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Hukuk\u00e7ular Derne\u011fi \u0130zmir \u015eubesi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcrkiye halk\u0131;temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri mutlaka kazanacak. Fa\u015fizm yenilecek, halk\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 fabrikalarda,tarlalarda,okullarda, t\u00fcm i\u015f yerlerinde \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc, ya\u015fanabilir bir \u00fccretle \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak, paras\u0131z sa\u011fl\u0131k, konut ve ula\u015f\u0131m hakk\u0131; g\u00fcvenceli bir i\u015fi olacak, halk\u0131n o\u011fullar\u0131 ve k\u0131zlar\u0131 haks\u0131z sava\u015flarda \u00f6lmeyecek, halklar karde\u015f\u00e7e t\u00fcm demokratik haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak,payla\u015f\u0131mc\u0131, dayan\u0131\u015fmac\u0131, sosyal bir d\u00fczende, insanca ya\u015fayacak..halk\u0131m\u0131zdin ve inan\u00e7 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ya\u015fayacak.. \u0130\u015fte o … <\/p>\n

Continue reading<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imece-der.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1127"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imece-der.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imece-der.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imece-der.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imece-der.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1127"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.imece-der.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1127\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1131,"href":"https:\/\/www.imece-der.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1127\/revisions\/1131"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imece-der.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1127"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imece-der.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1127"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imece-der.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1127"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}